Imaging on the painful and compressed nerve: lower extremity.

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 ORTHOPEDICS

International Orthopaedics Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI:10.1007/s00264-025-06419-1

Marcelo Bordalo

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremity are often underdiagnosed due to limitations in clinical examination and electrophysiological testing. Advanced imaging techniques, particularly MR neurography and high-resolution ultrasonography (US), have significantly improved the evaluation and diagnosis of these conditions by enabling precise visualization of nerves and their surrounding anatomical structures. This review focuses on the imaging features of compressive neuropathies affecting the lumbosacral plexus and its branches, including the femoral, obturator, sciatic, common peroneal, and tibial nerves. Key conditions such as meralgia paraesthetica, piriformis syndrome, and tarsal tunnel syndrome are discussed, highlighting findings such as nerve thickening, T2 hypersignal, fascicular changes, and associated muscle denervation patterns. The ability to detect structural causes, including anatomical variations, fibrous bands, and space-occupying lesions, underscores the value of these imaging modalities in facilitating early diagnosis, guiding therapeutic interventions, and improving patient outcomes.

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由于临床检查和电生理测试的局限性，下肢卡压性神经病常常诊断不足。先进的成像技术，尤其是磁共振神经成像和高分辨率超声波成像（US），能够精确显示神经及其周围的解剖结构，从而大大提高了这些疾病的评估和诊断水平。本综述重点介绍影响腰骶丛及其分支（包括股神经、钝神经、坐骨神经、腓总神经和胫神经）的压迫性神经病的影像学特征。本文讨论了神经痛、腓肠肌综合征和跗骨隧道综合征等主要病症，重点介绍了神经增粗、T2 超信号、筋膜改变和相关肌肉神经支配模式等发现。由于能检测出结构性病因，包括解剖变异、纤维带和占位性病变，因此这些成像模式在促进早期诊断、指导治疗干预和改善患者预后方面具有重要价值。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Orthopaedics 医学-整形外科

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

7.40%

发文量

360

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： International Orthopaedics, the Official Journal of the Société Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Traumatologie (SICOT) , publishes original papers from all over the world. The articles deal with clinical orthopaedic surgery or basic research directly connected with orthopaedic surgery. International Orthopaedics will also link all the members of SICOT by means of an insert that will be concerned with SICOT matters. Finally, it is expected that news and information regarding all aspects of orthopaedic surgery, including meetings, panels, instructional courses, etc. will be brought to the attention of the readers. Manuscripts submitted for publication must contain a statement to the effect that all human studies have been approved by the appropriate ethics committee and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. It should also be stated clearly in the text that all persons gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. Details that might disclose the identity of the subjects under study should be omitted. Reports of animal experiments must state that the "Principles of laboratory animal care" (NIH publication No. 85-23, revised 1985) were followed, as well as specific national laws (e.g. the current version of the German Law on the Protection of Animals) where applicable. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned requirements. The author will be held responsible for false statements or for failure to fulfil the above-mentioned requirements.