[The functional role and properties of transcortin in the human body].

Abstract

Steroid hormones take an active part in a whole complex of physiological processes that are fundamental for the normal development and functioning of the human body. In the bloodstream steroid hormones are bind with specific transport proteins, in particular with transcortin. The matter of changes in hormone-protein complex in various conditions were actively studied in the second half of the twentieth century, but currently this issue has been taken a back seat by the development of high-precision diagnostic methods of steroid hormones determining. This literature review presents accumulated data on the physicochemical properties of transcortin, genetic factors affecting its synthesis and secretion. Published data on its physiological significance in the human body are analyzed in detail within the framework of not only the "free hormone" hypothesis, but also the reservoir hypothesis. Research results have shown that the synthesis of transcortin has been detected in some extrahepatic tissues, including the adrenal glands, however, its role is unknown.