Toward Customizable Smart Gels: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Printing Techniques and Applications.

IF 5 3区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Gels Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI:10.3390/gels11010032

Rizwan Ul Hassan, Naseem Abbas, Jongkuk Ko

引用次数: 0

Abstract

New production technologies have transformed modern engineering fields, including electronics, mechanics, robotics, and biomedicine. These advancements have led to the creation of smart materials such as alloys, polymers, and gels that respond to various stimuli. This review focuses on smart materials (SMs), including their variety and fabrication techniques, that can be used to construct three- or four-dimensional structures. The mechanisms and designs of smart materials, limitations of current printing technologies, and perspectives for their future uses are also discussed in this review. The printed smart materials are expected to have a major impact on the design of real-world applications.

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来源期刊

Gels POLYMER SCIENCE-

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

19.60%

发文量

707

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal Gels (ISSN 2310-2861) is an international, open access journal on physical (supramolecular) and chemical gel-based materials. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the maximum length of the papers, and full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Short communications, full research papers and review papers are accepted formats for the preparation of the manuscripts. Gels aims to serve as a reference journal with a focus on gel materials for researchers working in both academia and industry. Therefore, papers demonstrating practical applications of these materials are particularly welcome. Occasionally, invited contributions (i.e., original research and review articles) on emerging issues and high-tech applications of gels are published as special issues.