Unveiling the photophysical mechanistic mysteries of tetrazine-functionalized fluorogenic labels

IF 7.6 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Chemical Science Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI:10.1039/d4sc07018f

Tianruo Shen, Xiaogang Liu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Tetrazine-based fluorogenic labels are widely utilized in medical and biological studies, exhibiting substantial fluorescence enhancement (FE) following tetrazine degradation through bio-orthogonal reactions. However, the underlying mechanisms driving this fluorogenic response remain only partially resolved, particularly regarding the diminished FE efficiency in the deep-red and near-infrared (NIR) regions. This knowledge gap has impeded efforts to optimize these labels for extended emission wavelengths and improved FE ratios. This review offers a photophysical perspective, narrating the fluorescence quenching pathways (i.e., energy flows and charge separations) that regulate the fluorogenic properties exhibited in various types of tetrazine labels. Moreover, this work examines the emerging role of intramolecular rotations in certain tetrazine-based structures and the integration of additional quencher units. The proposed alternative quenching channel offers the potential to surpass traditional wavelength constraints while achieving improved FE. By examining these photophysical mechanisms, this review aims to advance the understanding of tetrazine-functionalized fluorogenic labels and provide guiding principles for their future design and practical applications.

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揭示四氮官能化荧光标记的光物理机制奥秘

基于四氮的荧光标记广泛应用于医学和生物学研究，在四氮通过生物正交反应降解后表现出显著的荧光增强（FE）。然而，驱动这种荧光反应的潜在机制仍然只是部分解决，特别是关于深红色和近红外（NIR）区域FE效率的降低。这种知识差距阻碍了优化这些标签以延长发射波长和提高FE比率的努力。本文从光物理的角度，叙述了调节不同类型四氮标记的荧光特性的荧光猝灭途径（即能量流动和电荷分离）。此外，这项工作研究了分子内旋转在某些四氮基结构中的新作用，以及额外猝灭剂单元的集成。提出的替代淬火通道提供了超越传统波长限制的潜力，同时实现了改进的FE。通过对这些光物理机制的研究，本文旨在促进对四氮基功能化荧光标记的认识，并为其未来的设计和实际应用提供指导原则。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Chemical Science CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

14.40

自引率

4.80%

发文量

1352

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： Chemical Science is a journal that encompasses various disciplines within the chemical sciences. Its scope includes publishing ground-breaking research with significant implications for its respective field, as well as appealing to a wider audience in related areas. To be considered for publication, articles must showcase innovative and original advances in their field of study and be presented in a manner that is understandable to scientists from diverse backgrounds. However, the journal generally does not publish highly specialized research.