Spatial omics shed light on the tumour organisation of glioblastoma.

Abstract

The glioblastoma tumour microenvironment is characterised by immense heterogeneity, with malignant and non-malignant cells that interact in a complex ecosystem. Emerging evidence suggests that the tumour microenvironment is key in facilitating rapid proliferation, invasion, migration and cancer cell survival, crucial for treatment resistance. Spatial omics technologies have enabled the molecular characterisation of regions or individual cells within their spatial context, providing previously unattainable insights into the complex organisation of the glioblastoma tumour microenvironment. Understanding this organisation is crucial for the development of new therapeutics and novel diagnostic tools that guide patient care. This review explores spatial omics technologies and how they have contributed to the development of a model outlining the architecture of the glioblastoma tumour microenvironment.