How does air quality affect the health of children and adolescents?

Abstract

Objectives: To assess how air quality and pollutants affect the health of children and adolescents.

Source of data: A narrative review of recent literature was conducted using PubMed databases, focusing on studies published between 2015 and 2023. The keywords included "air pollution", "child health", "adolescents", "respiratory diseases" and "cognitive development". The studies were selected based on their relevance to the pediatric community and impacts on air quality, emphasizing original peer-reviewed research and meta-analyses.

Synthesis of data: Exposure to pollutants in the air during the formative and development years can lead to respiratory disorders, neurodevelopmental impairment, and exacerbated chronic conditions. This review synthesizes current evidence on the relationship between air quality and pediatric health, emphasizing the effects of specific pollutants, mechanisms of harm, and long-term implications.

Conclusions: From respiratory disorders to neurodevelopmental problems, air pollution, remains a widespread threat, particularly to vulnerable populations. Immediate actions at the political, community, individual, and industry levels are necessary to mitigate these risks.