Enhancing land management policy in Bangladesh: A blockchain-based framework for transparent and efficient land management

Abstract

This paper introduces a blockchain-based framework designed to enhance the land management system in Bangladesh by addressing issues such as data fragmentation, corruption, and inefficiencies in land registration and titling. The proposed system integrates blockchain technology with smart contracts, IoT capabilities, and AI across five distinct layers: blockchain layer, stakeholder access layer, AI layer, IoT layer, and integration layer. These layers automate processes such as land sales, ownership verification, and real-time monitoring, reducing manual intervention and minimizing opportunities for fraudulent activities. The study combines a detailed review of existing challenges and technological solutions with an assessment of the system’s performance based on metrics like transaction speed, resource consumption, and cost efficiency. Findings indicate that the framework enhances transparency, reduces corruption, and improves efficiency in land management, aligning with international best practices. Additionally, the discussion highlights the importance of integrating off-chain solutions to manage transaction costs and emphasizes the need for legal and regulatory adaptation for the successful implementation of blockchain technology. A phased implementation strategy begins with local community engagement and scales to broader oversight, aiming for a sustainable and effective approach to land governance.