Airbnbification and chain displacement: Evidence of the nature of gentrification in Fiji

Abstract

Tourism gentrification has entered a new phase after the rise of short-term renting platforms. Despite many studies on these platform ecosystems, our understanding of gentrification and displacement at low tourist-density destinations remains limited. This study adapts Marcuse’s displacement framework to investigate the intricacies and dynamics of displacements induced by Airbnbification in Fiji. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews with 57 participants. The findings revealed a new dimension introduced by Airbnb, wherein the out-migration of remaining residents is influenced by a broader social restructuring that predates Airbnb’s emergence. These challenges the notion that displacement is solely attributable to transnational hosts, shedding light on the various temporal and multidimensional aspects. We also propose the concept of chain displacement, which encompasses both direct and indirect forms of exclusion and marginalization in gentrification. This study offers insights for developing effective strategies and regulations to address the issues associated with Airbnbification in Fiji.