Molecular characterization and risk analysis of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in corticosteroid-treated and non-treated patients in Ismailia, Arab Republic of Egypt.

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY

Gut Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI:10.1186/s13099-024-00668-y

Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Amira Bakr Mokhtar, Samar Farag Mohamed, Marwa Ibrahim Saad El-Din, Catherine O'Dowd Phanis, Stefani Kazamia, Chad Schou, Paweł Gładysz, Anna Lass, Annalisa Quattrocchi, Panagiotis Karanis, Samer Eid Mohamed Gad

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is an intestinal protozoan parasite of human and animal hosts. The present study investigated and compared the assemblages of G. duodenalis-infected faecal samples in patients on corticosteroid therapy (POCT) and control patients-not on corticosteroid therapy (CONT) and differentiated its assemblages and/or sub-assemblages' relationship with associated risk factors.

Methods: Utilizing multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) with three loci targeted-triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), ꞵ-giardin (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh)-G. duodenalis isolated from POCT and CONT were analyzed. Risk factors linked with Giardia infection and its assemblages were investigated.

Results: In total, 52 G. duodenalis-infected patients were enrolled: 21 POCT and 31 CONT. The mean age was 12.3 years, the majority were male (59.6%), and 73.1% lived in rural areas. The POCT group was 36 times more likely than the CONT group to have a concurrent parasitic infection. About 73% (38/52) of Giardia samples were genotyped and/or sub-genotyped in at least one of the three loci. MLST identified sixteen isolates (42.0%) as assemblage B, ten isolates (26.3%) as assemblage A, and twelve isolates (31.6%) as a mixed infection of A + B and B + E. Most individuals of the POCT group were infected with G. duodenalis assemblage A while most of the CONT group were infected with assemblage B. Sub-assemblage AII was identified by phylogenetic analysis in the isolates of both groups under investigation.

Conclusion: This research advances giardiasis epidemiology in Arab Republic of Egypt (ARE) and reflects how corticosteroid-treated patients differ from those non-treated in Giardia assemblage pattern and their susceptibility to concomitant infection. Overall, Giardia assemblage patterns in this research populations reflect anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission, emphasizing the importance of public health policy and giardiasis prevention of illness transmission, particularly among those on corticosteroid therapy in ARE.

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来源期刊

Gut Pathogens GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY-MICROBIOLOGY

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

2.40%

发文量

期刊介绍： Gut Pathogens is a fast publishing, inclusive and prominent international journal which recognizes the need for a publishing platform uniquely tailored to reflect the full breadth of research in the biology and medicine of pathogens, commensals and functional microbiota of the gut. The journal publishes basic, clinical and cutting-edge research on all aspects of the above mentioned organisms including probiotic bacteria and yeasts and their products. The scope also covers the related ecology, molecular genetics, physiology and epidemiology of these microbes. The journal actively invites timely reports on the novel aspects of genomics, metagenomics, microbiota profiling and systems biology. Gut Pathogens will also consider, at the discretion of the editors, descriptive studies identifying a new genome sequence of a gut microbe or a series of related microbes (such as those obtained from new hosts, niches, settings, outbreaks and epidemics) and those obtained from single or multiple hosts at one or different time points (chronological evolution).