Effect of the immune microenvironment on prognosis in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-25 DOI:10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101954

Dimitra V Peristeri, Munir Tarazi, Patrick Casey, Arfon Powell, Javed Sultan

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Abstract

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is amongst the most lethal cancers worldwide, with poor treatment response leading to low survival rates. Recent improvements have been achieved by including the tumour microenvironment (TME) and patients' immune profiles in treatment decisions. We already know that patients with immune-enriched/inflamed TME have better survival outcomes. However, OAC TME is largely immunosuppressed and appears to be treatment-resistant. Immunotherapeutic strategies are already part of the therapeutic plans in OAC; a greater understanding of the immune microenvironment underlying oesophageal adenocarcinoma is needed if we are to exploit the inherent cancer-fighting capabilities of each patient's immune system. Therefore, implementing the crosstalks between the tumour and its microenvironment (TME) might be the key to improving overall survival. In this review, we discuss accumulated evidence regarding TME and immune checkpoint inhibitors in OAC, as well as recent and ongoing therapeutic attempts to improve patient treatment and outcomes at an individual level.

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免疫微环境对食管癌预后的影响。

食管癌（OAC）是世界上最致命的癌症之一，治疗反应差导致生存率低。通过将肿瘤微环境（TME）和患者的免疫概况纳入治疗决策，最近取得了进展。我们已经知道，免疫富集/炎症性TME患者有更好的生存结果。然而，OAC TME在很大程度上是免疫抑制的，似乎是耐药的。免疫治疗策略已成为OAC治疗计划的一部分；如果我们要利用每个患者免疫系统固有的抗癌能力，就需要对食管腺癌的免疫微环境有更深入的了解。因此，实施肿瘤及其微环境（TME）之间的串梗可能是提高总生存率的关键。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了积累的关于TME和免疫检查点抑制剂在OAC中的证据，以及最近和正在进行的在个体水平上改善患者治疗和结果的治疗尝试。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology

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