Genetic immune escape in cancer: timing and implications for treatment.

IF 14.3 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY
Francisco Martínez-Jiménez, Diego Chowell
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Genetic immune escape (GIE) alterations pose a significant challenge in cancer by enabling tumors to evade immune detection. These alterations, which can vary significantly across cancer types, may often arise early in clonal evolution and contribute to malignant transformation. As tumors evolve, GIE alterations are positively selected, allowing immune-resistant clones to proliferate. In addition to genetic changes, the tumor microenvironment (TME) and non-genetic factors such as inflammation, smoking, and environmental exposures play crucial roles in promoting immune evasion. Understanding the timing and mechanisms of GIE, alongside microenvironmental influences, is crucial for improving early detection and developing more effective therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the implications of GIE in cancer development and immunotherapy resistance, and emphasizes the need for integrative approaches.

癌症的遗传免疫逃逸:治疗的时机和意义。
遗传免疫逃逸(GIE)改变通过使肿瘤逃避免疫检测,对癌症提出了重大挑战。这些改变在不同的癌症类型中差异很大,可能经常出现在克隆进化的早期,并有助于恶性转化。随着肿瘤的进化,GIE改变被积极选择,允许免疫抵抗克隆增殖。除了遗传变化,肿瘤微环境(TME)和非遗传因素,如炎症、吸烟和环境暴露在促进免疫逃避中起着至关重要的作用。了解GIE的时间和机制,以及微环境影响,对于改善早期发现和开发更有效的治疗干预措施至关重要。这篇综述强调了GIE在癌症发展和免疫治疗耐药中的意义,并强调了综合治疗方法的必要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Trends in cancer
Trends in cancer Medicine-Oncology
CiteScore
28.50
自引率
0.50%
发文量
138
期刊介绍: Trends in Cancer, a part of the Trends review journals, delivers concise and engaging expert commentary on key research topics and cutting-edge advances in cancer discovery and medicine. Trends in Cancer serves as a unique platform for multidisciplinary information, fostering discussion and education for scientists, clinicians, policy makers, and patients & advocates.Covering various aspects, it presents opportunities, challenges, and impacts of basic, translational, and clinical findings, industry R&D, technology, innovation, ethics, and cancer policy and funding in an authoritative yet reader-friendly format.
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