Effectiveness of a Local Drug Delivery System Based on Antimicrobial Peptides in Early Treatment of Peri-implantitis.

Abstract

Objective: To analyse the effects of titanium implants coated with various antimicrobial peptide (AMP) layers on bacterial growth and early biofilm formation around the implants.

Methods: A novel AMP mixture was constructed using Type I collagen, sulfonated succinimide 4- (N-Maleimidylphenyl) butyrate, and AMPs. Titanium discs treated with chitosan and hyaluronic acid solutions were reacted with the AMP mixture to obtain AMP-coated titanium discs. The drug release properties and inhibitory effects on the growth and early biofilm formation of Porphyromonasgingivalis (P. gingivalis) ATCC BAA-308 or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923 were analysed.

Results: The antimicrobial activity of the 9-layer AMP-coated titanium discs against P. gingivalis ATCC BAA-308 and S.aureus ATCC 25923 was greatly higher relative to the 3-layer and 6-layer AMP-coated titanium discs (P < .05). The overall optical density and average optical density of titanium discs coated with 6 and 9 layers of AMPs were markedly inferior to those of uncoated titanium discs and discs coated with 3 layers of AMPs (P < .05). The drug release amounts from titanium discs coated with different layers of AMPs increased over time.

Conclusions: The prepared AMP-coated titanium discs effectively inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis and S. aureus, as well as early biofilm formation. The drug-laced discs demonstrate good durability and predictability in drug release, which may be beneficial for long-term therapeutic adoption.