Long-term impacts of nurse plants on evergreen and deciduous oak saplings in Northern California

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Chrysanthe Frangos , Rodolfo Dirzo , Marta Peláez
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Throughout California, oak savannas exhibit poor recruitment of saplings in natural populations. To prevent the decline of California oak (Quercus spp.) populations, management practices need to elucidate the drivers of recruitment limitations. Previous research suggests that nurse plants enhance the establishment of oaks by buffering them from stressors such as insolation and herbivory. However, their long-term effects on sapling performance remain poorly known. Here we explore the differential impacts of nurse plants on the growth and distribution of sympatric evergreen and deciduous oak species. We compared all naturally occurring saplings found underneath and around nurse plants in two environments with contrasting densities of herbivorous mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in 2015 and 2023. The nurse plants and oaks observed in 2015 were located and evaluated after eight years, along with all new oak saplings recruited between 2015 and 2023. We uncovered that beneficiary oaks protected by nurse plants had greater height growth compared to those exposed in the open. Additionally, increased herbivory stress is associated with a shift in the distribution of beneficiaries underneath the nurse plant, favoring recruitment closer to the nurse plant’s center. We conclude that nurse plants are only beneficial to the long-term growth of oak saplings under high herbivory scenarios. As nurse plants are not as effective facilitators for deciduous species compared to evergreen ones, further research devoted to management solutions for deciduous oak species is warranted.
护理植物对北加州常绿和落叶栎树幼苗的长期影响
在整个加州,橡树稀树草原表现出幼树在自然种群中的招募不足。为了防止加利福尼亚栎(栎科)种群的减少,管理实践需要阐明招养限制的驱动因素。先前的研究表明,护理植物通过缓冲日晒和草食等压力源来促进橡树的生长。然而,它们对树苗性能的长期影响仍然知之甚少。本文探讨了护林植物对同域常绿栎树和落叶栎树生长和分布的差异影响。我们比较了2015年和2023年草食性骡鹿(Odocoileus hemionus)密度不同的两种环境中在护理植物下面和周围发现的所有自然树苗。2015年观察到的护理植物和橡树在8年后被定位和评估,以及2015年至2023年期间招募的所有新橡树树苗。我们发现,受护理植物保护的受益橡树比暴露在露天的橡树有更高的高度生长。此外,草食压力的增加与护理植物下方受益人分布的变化有关,有利于靠近护理植物中心的招募。我们得出结论,护理植物只有在高草食环境下才有利于橡树幼苗的长期生长。与常绿植物相比,护理植物对落叶树种的促进作用不如常绿植物,因此有必要进一步研究落叶栎树种的管理解决方案。
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来源期刊
Forest Ecology and Management
Forest Ecology and Management 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
10.80%
发文量
665
审稿时长
39 days
期刊介绍: Forest Ecology and Management publishes scientific articles linking forest ecology with forest management, focusing on the application of biological, ecological and social knowledge to the management and conservation of plantations and natural forests. The scope of the journal includes all forest ecosystems of the world. A peer-review process ensures the quality and international interest of the manuscripts accepted for publication. The journal encourages communication between scientists in disparate fields who share a common interest in ecology and forest management, bridging the gap between research workers and forest managers. We encourage submission of papers that will have the strongest interest and value to the Journal''s international readership. Some key features of papers with strong interest include: 1. Clear connections between the ecology and management of forests; 2. Novel ideas or approaches to important challenges in forest ecology and management; 3. Studies that address a population of interest beyond the scale of single research sites, Three key points in the design of forest experiments, Forest Ecology and Management 255 (2008) 2022-2023); 4. Review Articles on timely, important topics. Authors are welcome to contact one of the editors to discuss the suitability of a potential review manuscript. The Journal encourages proposals for special issues examining important areas of forest ecology and management. Potential guest editors should contact any of the Editors to begin discussions about topics, potential papers, and other details.
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