Management of Pediatric Mandibular Condyle Fractures: A Literature Review.

Abstract

This narrative review evaluates the literature on the management of mandibular condyle fractures in growing patients. It aims to illustrate some fundamental biological principles and to offer a series of considerations applicable to clinical practice. The discussion is based on 116 papers published in PubMed and two relevant textbooks. Condylar fractures may be overlooked, especially in pre-scholar children, where compliance is usually reduced. However, these injuries can have disabling sequelae such as ankyloses, facial deformities, malocclusion, and chronic pain in some patients if not diagnosed and managed correctly. Due to their significance, mandibular condyle fractures in children are a subject of considerable clinical interest. As of today, there is consensus about their treatment. Four management options are available: expectative (analgesia, soft food and follow-up), functional protocols (guiding elastics, orthodontic appliances and exercises), maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Nondisplaced and minimally displaced fractures should be treated expectantly; severely displaced non-comminuted fractures can be safely operated on if the expertise is available, even in patients with deciduous dentition. Moderately displaced fractures can be managed with functional protocols or operatively, depending on the background and know-how of the specialist. Functional protocols can achieve good outcomes, especially in patients with deciduous dentition. MMF should be foregone in children due to its many drawbacks.