The fungal effector AaAlta1 inhibits PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN10-2-mediated callose deposition and defense responses in apple

IF 6.5 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI:10.1093/plphys/kiae599

Shun Gong, Jinqi Tang, Yi Xiao, Tianzhong Li, Qiulei Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Apple leaf spot, caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp mali (ALT), poses a substantial threat to the global apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) industry. Fungal effectors promote pathogen infestation and survival by interfering with plant immune responses. In our study, we investigated the secretion of effector proteins by the virulent ALT7 strain. Using mass spectrometry, we identified the effector AaAlta1, which belongs to the Alt a 1 protein family (AA1s). Further analysis confirmed that ALT7 secretes AaAlta1. AaAlta1 knockdown mutants displayed reduced pathogenicity in apple tissue culture seedlings, while overexpression strains exhibited enhanced pathogenicity compared to the wild-type ALT7 strain. Using immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry, we isolated pathogenesis-related protein 10-2 (PR10-2) as an interaction partner of AaAlta1 in apple. Knockdown mutants of AaAlta1 showed increased PR10-2-mediated callose deposition in apple, a critical plant defense response. The enhanced defense responses in apple substantially reduced their susceptibility to infection by these ALT7 mutants. Our findings delineate an infection strategy whereby ALT7 secretes AaAlta1 to suppress PR10-2, thereby circumventing the apple defense system.

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真菌效应物 AaAlta1 可抑制苹果中由病原相关蛋白 10-2 介导的胼胝质沉积和防御反应

由 Alternaria alternata f. sp mali（ALT）引起的苹果叶斑病对全球苹果（Malus × domestica Borkh.）产业构成了巨大威胁。真菌效应物通过干扰植物免疫反应促进病原体侵染和存活。在我们的研究中，我们调查了毒性 ALT7 菌株分泌的效应蛋白。通过质谱分析，我们确定了效应蛋白 AaAlta1，它属于 Alt a 1 蛋白家族（AA1s）。进一步分析证实，ALT7 能分泌 AaAlta1。与野生型 ALT7 株系相比，AaAlta1 基因敲除突变体在苹果组织培养幼苗中的致病性降低，而过表达株系的致病性增强。通过免疫沉淀和质谱分析，我们分离出致病相关蛋白 10-2（PR10-2）作为苹果中 AaAlta1 的相互作用伙伴。AaAlta1 的基因敲除突变体显示，苹果中 PR10-2 介导的胼胝质沉积增加，这是一种关键的植物防御反应。苹果防御反应的增强大大降低了它们对这些 ALT7 突变体感染的易感性。我们的发现描述了一种感染策略，即 ALT7 通过分泌 AaAlta1 来抑制 PR10-2，从而规避苹果的防御系统。

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来源期刊

Plant Physiology 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

12.20

自引率

5.40%

发文量

535

审稿时长

2.3 months

期刊介绍： Plant Physiology® is a distinguished and highly respected journal with a rich history dating back to its establishment in 1926. It stands as a leading international publication in the field of plant biology, covering a comprehensive range of topics from the molecular and structural aspects of plant life to systems biology and ecophysiology. Recognized as the most highly cited journal in plant sciences, Plant Physiology® is a testament to its commitment to excellence and the dissemination of groundbreaking research. As the official publication of the American Society of Plant Biologists, Plant Physiology® upholds rigorous peer-review standards, ensuring that the scientific community receives the highest quality research. The journal releases 12 issues annually, providing a steady stream of new findings and insights to its readership.