A Novel Colorimetric Assay for the Detection of Bisphenol A Using Laccase and Mediator Immobilized on Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels

IF 2.3 4区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Catalysis Letters Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI:10.1007/s10562-024-04877-7

Syeda Fauzia Farheen Zofair, Masood Alam Khan, Khushtar Anwar Salman, Hina Younus

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A novel, simple and low-cost colorimetric sensor has been developed for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA). In the assay, laccase catalyses the reaction between BPA and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) [ABTS] radicals, resulting in a colored product showing λ_max at 560 nm. Raman spectroscopy and mass spectra analysis of the product suggests the possible formation of ABTS dication radicals. This assay could detect BPA up to 2 µM by the naked eye, which is lower than the European Union specific migration limit of 2.6 µM. UV–visible spectroscopy showed a linear response in the concentration range of 1.0–10.0 µM with a lower detection limit of 0.5 µM. Sensitivity of the assay was enhanced by 40 folds when laccase and ABTS were fabricated on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel beads, allowing BPA to be detected at concentrations as low as 50 nM. These hydrogel beads were highly stable for long-term storage. Screening of different phenolic contaminants showed that laccase along with ABTS exhibits propensity for para-substituted alkyl-phenols that are considered as xenoestrogens and are highly toxic, estrogenic and carcinogenic in nature. Thus, the assay developed may be utilized for in-situ monitoring of BPA and other toxic xenoestrogens present in the environment. Additionally, its applicability can be extended towards other potential laccase mediators.

Graphical Abstract

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利用固定在聚乙烯醇水凝胶上的漆酶和媒介物检测双酚 A 的新型比色测定法

为检测双酚 A (BPA) 开发了一种新颖、简单且低成本的比色传感器。在检测过程中，漆酶催化双酚 A 与 2,2-氮基-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）[ABTS] 自由基之间的反应，产生一种有色产物，其 λmax 波长为 560 纳米。产物的拉曼光谱和质谱分析表明可能形成了 ABTS 二自由基。该检测方法可肉眼检测到 2 µM 以下的双酚 A，低于欧盟规定的 2.6 µM 特定迁移限。紫外可见光谱在 1.0-10.0 µM 的浓度范围内呈线性响应，检测下限为 0.5 µM。在聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶珠上制造漆酶和 ABTS 后，检测灵敏度提高了 40 倍，从而使双酚 A 的检测浓度低至 50 nM。这些水凝胶珠高度稳定，可长期保存。对不同酚类污染物的筛选表明，漆酶和 ABTS 对对位取代烷基酚有倾向性，而对位取代烷基酚被认为是异雌激素，具有高毒性、雌激素和致癌性。因此，所开发的检测方法可用于现场监测环境中的双酚 A 和其他有毒异雌激素。此外，其适用性还可扩展到其他潜在的漆酶介质。

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来源期刊

Catalysis Letters 化学-物理化学

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.60%

发文量

327

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Catalysis Letters aim is the rapid publication of outstanding and high-impact original research articles in catalysis. The scope of the journal covers a broad range of topics in all fields of both applied and theoretical catalysis, including heterogeneous, homogeneous and biocatalysis. The high-quality original research articles published in Catalysis Letters are subject to rigorous peer review. Accepted papers are published online first and subsequently in print issues. All contributions must include a graphical abstract. Manuscripts should be written in English and the responsibility lies with the authors to ensure that they are grammatically and linguistically correct. Authors for whom English is not the working language are encouraged to consider using a professional language-editing service before submitting their manuscripts.