Effects of heat stress on global DNA methylation and blood parameters of two strains of laying hens.

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the global levels of DNA methylation and alterations in hematological and electrolytic parameters of two strains of laying hens subjected to heat stress and thermal comfort in climatic chambers. The experiment was conducted in two climate chambers with 192 laying hens of two strains: Dekalb White and Dekalb Brown. After the seven-day adaptation period, each climate chamber was programmed to a thermal condition for 28 consecutive days: Comfort (THI = 73.8) and Heat Stress (THI = 85.9). Blood samples were collected weekly. At each collection, a total of three milliliters of venous blood was collected from the ulnar wing or jugular vein. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with a 2 × 2 factorial scheme with split plots. Blood glucose, complete blood count, pH, ionized calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and global DNA methylation were evaluated. Stress increased chloride levels but did not affect the other evaluated blood parameters. At 28 days of the experiment, the Dekalb Brown strain showed higher levels of leukocytes and hematocrit and lower concentrations of chloride and sodium compared to the Dekalb White strain. Leukocyte levels, plasma protein, sodium, and ionized calcium remained above reference values for both strains. There were no methylation differences between temperature treatments, but a significant difference was observed between strains at 28 days of the experiment. Methylation patterns were independent of the evaluated blood parameters in this study but dependent on the bird strain, suggesting that strains respond with different biological mechanisms to heat adaptation. The absence of correlation does not completely exclude a causal relationship, and further studies are needed to investigate possible physiological and biological associations of blood and how strains respond to different heat adaptive mechanisms.