Cyclosporine successfully treats steroid-resistant checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: a case report.

Abstract

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) stands out as a particularly severe adverse event caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors, with a substantial real-world incidence ranging from 13 to 19%. While systemic corticosteroids represent the standard treatment for CIP, therapeutic options become limited in cases where patients do not respond to corticosteroid therapy. Such patients are classified as having steroid-resistant CIP, often associated with a poor prognosis. This case study provides insight into the symptoms, diagnostic process, and treatment approach for steroid-resistant CIP. Notably, successful management is demonstrated through the utilization of cyclosporine, highlighting its potential mechanisms of action in effectively treating steroid-resistant CIP.

Case description: We present the case of a 53-year-old male with stage IV. A non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who experienced elevated fever, cough, and dyspnea subsequent to immunotherapy treatment. Based on his medical history, clinical manifestations, and radiological findings, the patient was diagnosed with CIP. Initial administration of led to improvement, but during the subsequent tapering of corticosteroid therapy, a resurgence of CIP occurred, resulting in respiratory failure. Consequently, we arrived at the diagnosis of steroid-resistant CIP, prompting the implementation of a combination therapy with cyclosporine and corticosteroids to establish stable disease control. Upon systematic reduction of corticosteroid dosage, the patient maintained a favorable response with no recurrence.

Conclusions: This marks the first instance of effectively managing steroid-resistant CIP through the combined use of cyclosporine and corticosteroids. Presently, cases of steroid-resistant CIP remain infrequent, necessitating vigilant and meticulous monitoring within clinical settings. Notably, there exists no distinct guideline specifying a singular agent for rescuing patients unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy. Therefore, cyclosporine emerges as a promising and efficacious treatment alternative for individuals unresponsive to corticosteroid intervention in the context of CIP.