Chemical analysis and bioactivity evaluation of Citrus limon leaves volatile oil from Palestine: investigating phytochemical, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE

Journal of Herbal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI:10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100954

Nidal Jaradat , Mohammed Hawash , Murad Abualhasan , Nawaf Al-Maharik , Mohammad Qadi , Raneen Qabaha , Khariya Amarneh , Aya Qabaha , Sama’ Qassarwi , Linda Issa , Trobjon Makhkamov , Nilufar Ergasheva , Abdumurod Sattarov

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

Scientists consider repurposing discarded waste into valuable resources for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food flavoring manufacturing industries a challenge to generate new revenue streams, lower production costs, and reduce waste. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify Citrus limon leaf volatile oil (VO) constituents from Palestine and assess its in vitro antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties.

Methods

The components of the VO were analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of VO was assessed using a microdilution technique. The cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) assay was utilized to assess the anti-inflammatory effect. An aqueous one solution cell proliferation (MTS) assay was employed to determine the cytotoxic effect of the VO.

Results

Thirty-six molecules were identified in the oil, and geranial, neral, and limonene are the most abundant molecules, comprising 31.06%, 23.98%, and 14.32%, respectively. The antimicrobial results showed that the VO has notable inhibition against Proteus vulgaris, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The COX IC₅₀ calculations revealed that it has high potency against COX-2 IC₅₀ = 9.32 ± 0.88 µg/ml. The most potent cytotoxic effect of C. limon VO was noticed against MCF-7, with an IC₅₀ dose of 162.90 ± 1.85 mg/ml.

Conclusion

The GC-MS analyses revealed that geranial, neral, and limonene are the predominant compounds in the VO of C. limon leaves from Palestine. The biological test results demonstrated that the VO has potential inhibitory actions against some cancer cells, bacterial and fungal species, and COX-2 enzyme, suggesting it may be a viable choice for treating or preventing microbial infections, cancer, and inflammatory illnesses.

查看原文本刊更多论文

巴勒斯坦柠檬叶挥发油的化学分析和生物活性评估：研究其植物化学、抗炎、抗菌和细胞毒性特性

引言科学家们认为，将废弃废物重新利用为制药、化妆品和食品调味品制造行业的宝贵资源，是创造新收入来源、降低生产成本和减少浪费的一项挑战。因此，本研究旨在鉴定来自巴勒斯坦的柠檬叶挥发油（VO）成分，并评估其体外抗菌、消炎和细胞毒性特性。采用微量稀释技术评估了 VO 的抗菌活性。环氧合酶（COX-1 和 COX-2）检测法用于评估抗炎效果。结果在精油中鉴定出 36 种分子，其中以香叶醇、榛子醛和柠檬烯含量最高，分别占 31.06%、23.98% 和 14.32%。抗菌结果表明，VO 对普通变形杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌有显著的抑制作用。COX IC50 计算显示，它对 COX-2 具有很高的效力，IC50 = 9.32 ± 0.88 µg/ml。结论气相色谱-质谱分析表明，香叶醇、香叶酚和柠檬烯是巴勒斯坦香叶中的主要化合物。生物测试结果表明，VO 对某些癌细胞、细菌和真菌以及 COX-2 酶具有潜在的抑制作用，这表明它可能是治疗或预防微生物感染、癌症和炎症性疾病的一种可行选择。

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来源期刊

Journal of Herbal Medicine INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Herbal Medicine, the official journal of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, is a peer reviewed journal which aims to serve its readers as an authoritative resource on the profession and practice of herbal medicine. The content areas of the journal reflect the interests of Medical Herbalists and other health professionals interested in the clinical and professional application of botanical medicines. The objective is to strengthen the research and educational base of herbal medicine with research papers in the form of case studies, original research articles and reviews, monographs, clinical trials and relevant in vitro studies. It also publishes policy statements, opinion pieces, book reviews, conference proceedings and profession related information such as pharmacovigilance reports providing an information source for not only the Herbal Practitioner but any Health professional with an interest in phytotherapy.