Transactive control for grid-interactive efficient commercial buildings

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124675

Sen Huang , Jianming Lian , Srinivas Katipamula , Robert Lutes

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Abstract

Transactive control (TC) is a type of distributed control strategy that uses market mechanisms to coordinate distinct objectives of individual entities. Through grid-interactive efficient buildings, TC can help achieve power balance in the electrical power grid under high penetration of renewable energy. This paper presents a standard TC approach for commercial heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. This TC approach includes a flexible market structure to accommodate the variances in system configurations of HVAC systems, and an extensible market-based control process to support various demand response (DR) services. In addition, we develop a software workflow for deploying this TC approach. The software workflow is based on VOLTTRON, which is a distributed sensing and control software platform, and encapsulates the process of deploying decentralized control architecture and market-based control on a large scale. Case studies were conducted with both building energy simulations and field tests. The results show that TC is effective at providing real time price, demand limiting, and load following DR services with the studied HVAC systems.

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电网交互式高效商业建筑的交互式控制

交互控制（TC）是一种分布式控制策略，它利用市场机制来协调各个实体的不同目标。通过电网交互式高效建筑，TC 可以帮助实现可再生能源高渗透率情况下的电网电力平衡。本文介绍了一种适用于商业供暖、通风和空调（HVAC）系统的标准 TC 方法。这种 TC 方法包括一个灵活的市场结构，以适应 HVAC 系统配置的差异，以及一个可扩展的基于市场的控制流程，以支持各种需求响应 (DR) 服务。此外，我们还为部署这种 TC 方法开发了一个软件工作流程。该软件工作流程基于分布式传感和控制软件平台 VOLTTRON，囊括了大规模部署分散控制架构和基于市场的控制的过程。通过建筑能源模拟和现场测试进行了案例研究。结果表明，在所研究的暖通空调系统中，TC 能够有效地提供实时价格、需求限制和负载跟随 DR 服务。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Applied Energy 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

21.20

自引率

10.70%

发文量

1830

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Applied Energy serves as a platform for sharing innovations, research, development, and demonstrations in energy conversion, conservation, and sustainable energy systems. The journal covers topics such as optimal energy resource use, environmental pollutant mitigation, and energy process analysis. It welcomes original papers, review articles, technical notes, and letters to the editor. Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts that bridge the gap between research, development, and implementation. The journal addresses a wide spectrum of topics, including fossil and renewable energy technologies, energy economics, and environmental impacts. Applied Energy also explores modeling and forecasting, conservation strategies, and the social and economic implications of energy policies, including climate change mitigation. It is complemented by the open-access journal Advances in Applied Energy.