Plasma electrolytic polishing-induced surface chemical and structural evolutions of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V coupons

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131557

Xian Yi Tan , Yee Ng , Tzee Luai Meng , Chen-Nan Sun , Zhaohong Huang , Andrew Chun Yong Ngo , Hongfei Liu

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Abstract

Plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP) was performed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy coupons, which were fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) followed by heat treatment. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were employed to study the surface chemical and crystallographic evolutions associated with material removal and surface smoothening. Unintentional surface contaminations due to post-LPBF heat treatment, resulted in iron and titanium oxynitrides. XRF revealed that chemical etching using Kroll's reagent led to a decrease in the relative content of Al compared to Ti and V. In contrast, the relative content of Al and V, especially the former, increased while that of Ti decreased after the PEP process, with the voltage ranged from 275 to 350 V. Remarkable surface smoothening (up to 59.8 % and 46.6 % reductions in R_a and R_z, respectively) was achieved by the PEP process for 5 min, regardless of the contamination and high initial surface roughness of over 12 (120) μm in R_a (R_z). The surface smoothening mechanism was discussed based on the removal of nonmelted and/or semi-melted particles as well as the oxidation/oxynitridation and dissolution of large surface features. These observations shed new light on PEP for surface finishing of additively manufactured near-net-shape metallic components.

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等离子电解抛光诱导的增材制造 Ti-6Al-4V 试样表面化学和结构演变

等离子电解抛光（PEP）是在 Ti-6Al-4V 合金试样上进行的，试样是通过激光粉末床熔融（LPBF）制造的，然后进行了热处理。采用 X 射线荧光 (XRF)、X 射线光电子能谱和 X 射线衍射来研究与材料去除和表面平滑化相关的表面化学和晶体学演变。LPBF 后热处理造成的无意表面污染产生了铁和钛氧化物。XRF 显示，与 Ti 和 V 相比，使用 Kroll 试剂进行化学蚀刻会导致 Al 的相对含量下降。相反，在 PEP 工艺（电压范围为 275 至 350 V）之后，Al 和 V（尤其是前者）的相对含量增加，而 Ti 的相对含量下降。在 5 分钟的 PEP 过程中，无论是否存在污染以及初始表面粗糙度是否超过 12 (120) μm（Ra（Rz）），都实现了显著的表面平滑化（Ra 和 Rz 分别降低了 59.8% 和 46.6%）。根据非熔化和/或半熔化颗粒的去除以及大表面特征的氧化/氧化氮化和溶解，对表面平滑化机制进行了讨论。这些观察结果为 PEP 在快速成型近净形金属部件的表面精加工方面提供了新的思路。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Surface & Coatings Technology 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

921

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： Surface and Coatings Technology is an international archival journal publishing scientific papers on significant developments in surface and interface engineering to modify and improve the surface properties of materials for protection in demanding contact conditions or aggressive environments, or for enhanced functional performance. Contributions range from original scientific articles concerned with fundamental and applied aspects of research or direct applications of metallic, inorganic, organic and composite coatings, to invited reviews of current technology in specific areas. Papers submitted to this journal are expected to be in line with the following aspects in processes, and properties/performance: A. Processes: Physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques, thermal and plasma spraying, surface modification by directed energy techniques such as ion, electron and laser beams, thermo-chemical treatment, wet chemical and electrochemical processes such as plating, sol-gel coating, anodization, plasma electrolytic oxidation, etc., but excluding painting. B. Properties/performance: friction performance, wear resistance (e.g., abrasion, erosion, fretting, etc), corrosion and oxidation resistance, thermal protection, diffusion resistance, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and properties relevant to smart materials behaviour and enhanced multifunctional performance for environmental, energy and medical applications, but excluding device aspects.