Possible immunological events and their pivotal role in disease progression during sepsis: A review

Abstract

Study of possible physiological events leading to progression of sepsis, i.e., inflammation, coagulation–anticoagulation balance and immunosuppression which have been addressed by new therapeutic targets for these metabolic pathways and thereby, evolution of drugs has better therapeutic potential than the traditional ones. Online database and printed material were searched using relevant keywords. Collected literature was scrutinized for related information with special reference to the objective. These drug molecules have either been approved for treatment of human subjects or these are under evaluation for therapeutic potential on human subjects or animal models. Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines include recommendations for recognition and early care, source diagnosis and treatment of infection, hemodynamic care, ventilation and additional therapeutic treatment recommendations. Advancements in these treatment strategies have reduced the mortality yet there is need for implementation of genomic and proteomic analysis techniques for better results. Smaller molecules should be preferred as therapeutic agents because of having less immunogenicity; smaller size is suitable for better tissue penetration.