Integrated breath analysis technologies: Current advances and future prospects

Abstract

The transformative impact of recent advancements in gas sensor technologies, crucial for industrial safety, environmental monitoring, quality assessment, healthcare, and consumer electronics, has been extensively investigated. Gas sensors play a pivotal role across various domains by offering real-time gas monitoring and detection capabilities. This review summarises the latest developments in gas sensor technologies, encompassing various sensor types employed in breath analysis and common nanomaterials for sensing. It provides insight into their performance evaluation based on sensitivity, selectivity, detection limit and response time and their applications in medical and environmental contexts. Also, we offer perspectives on the challenges and future direction imperative for the ongoing innovation of gas sensors as a smart tool for disease diagnosis, various industrial applications and environmental monitoring and management.