Cost-effectiveness and reliability evaluation of hydrogen storage-based hybrid energy systems for unreliable grid

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.119

Akmal Irham , M.A. Hannan , Safwan A. Rahman , Pin Jern Ker , Richard TK. Wong , M.F. Roslan , R.A. Begum , Gilsoo Jang

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Abstract

A critical issue regarding the unreliable electricity supply in regions experiencing frequent grid outages poses significant economic and social challenges. Despite the integration of renewable energy sources like photovoltaic (PV) systems, the intermittent nature and low reliability of these resources necessitate additional energy storage solutions. The study investigates the effectiveness of various power system configurations, including PV only, PV/BES, and PV/BES/H₂ systems. Using HOMER software, the study delves into investigating the impact of different outage parameters, specifically focusing on the outage durations and frequencies to the reliability and cost-effectiveness of these systems. The study analyzes how these outage parameters influence the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) and the cost of energy (COE). Three cases were being investigated in this study, which are Case 1: Varying mean outage duration (MOD) with fixed outage frequency (OF), Case 2: Varying OF with MOD and Case 3: Varying both the MOD and OF. The inclusion of H₂ storage significantly reduced the LPSP in Case 1, from a range of 0.882%–2.79% in the PV/BES system to a much lower range of 0.15%–0.392%. In Case 2, the PV/BES/H₂ system also markedly improved reliability, lowering the LPSP from 0.0751% to 1.28% in the PV/BES system to just 0.0279%–0.189%. The results of Case 3 demonstrate that OF has a greater impact on system reliability, as evidenced by a significantly larger rate of change in LPSP when varying OF with constant MOD compared to varying MOD with constant OF. Therefore, the inclusion of energy storage significantly enhances reliability, with the PV/BES/H₂ system showing the lowest LPSP values in both cases. However, COE for the PV/BES/H₂ system was higher in both cases, ranging from 0.22 to 0.326 $/kWh, compared to 0.101 to 0.156 $/kWh for the PV/BES system. This highlights the need for advancements in H₂ storage technology to reduce cost. These findings underscore the critical importance of accurately sizing components to ensure a reliable and economical power supply in regions with unstable grids.

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针对不可靠电网的储氢混合能源系统的成本效益和可靠性评估

在电网频繁停电的地区，电力供应不可靠是一个关键问题，对经济和社会构成重大挑战。尽管整合了光伏（PV）系统等可再生能源，但由于这些资源的间歇性和低可靠性，需要额外的储能解决方案。本研究调查了各种电力系统配置的有效性，包括仅光伏系统、光伏/BES 系统和光伏/BES/H2 系统。利用 HOMER 软件，该研究深入探讨了不同停电参数的影响，特别是停电持续时间和频率对这些系统可靠性和成本效益的影响。研究分析了这些停电参数如何影响供电损失概率（LPSP）和能源成本（COE）。本研究调查了三种情况，分别是情况 1：平均停电时间（MOD）不同，停电频率（OF）固定；情况 2：停电时间（MOD）不同，停电频率（OF）固定；情况 3：停电时间（MOD）和停电频率（OF）均不同。在情况 1 中，加入 H2 存储后，LPSP 明显降低，从 PV/BES 系统的 0.882%-2.79% 降至更低的 0.15%-0.392% 之间。在案例 2 中，PV/BES/H2 系统也显著提高了可靠性，将 LPSP 从 PV/BES 系统的 0.0751% 到 1.28% 降低到仅 0.0279%-0.189%。案例 3 的结果表明，OF 对系统可靠性的影响更大，这表现在：在 MOD 不变的情况下改变 OF，LPSP 的变化率明显大于在 OF 不变的情况下改变 MOD。因此，加入储能可显著提高可靠性，在两种情况下，光伏/BES/H2 系统的 LPSP 值都最低。然而，两种情况下 PV/BES/H2 系统的 COE 都较高，从 0.22 到 0.326 美元/千瓦时不等，而 PV/BES 系统的 COE 为 0.101 到 0.156 美元/千瓦时。这突出表明，需要改进 H2 存储技术以降低成本。这些发现突出表明，在电网不稳定的地区，为确保可靠、经济的电力供应，准确确定组件的大小至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 工程技术-环境科学

CiteScore

13.50

自引率

25.00%

发文量

3502

审稿时长

60 days

期刊介绍： The objective of the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is to facilitate the exchange of new ideas, technological advancements, and research findings in the field of Hydrogen Energy among scientists and engineers worldwide. This journal showcases original research, both analytical and experimental, covering various aspects of Hydrogen Energy. These include production, storage, transmission, utilization, enabling technologies, environmental impact, economic considerations, and global perspectives on hydrogen and its carriers such as NH3, CH4, alcohols, etc. The utilization aspect encompasses various methods such as thermochemical (combustion), photochemical, electrochemical (fuel cells), and nuclear conversion of hydrogen, hydrogen isotopes, and hydrogen carriers into thermal, mechanical, and electrical energies. The applications of these energies can be found in transportation (including aerospace), industrial, commercial, and residential sectors.