Production of NiFe alloy by combined recycling of waste nickel-metal hydride batteries and waste toner powder

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI:10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01175

Pravas Ranjan Behera , Rifat Farzana , Veena Sahajwalla

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Abstract

This paper elucidates a novel and sustainable way of bringing two major sub e-waste streams (waste electrodes of Ni-MH battery and waste toner powder) together to manufacture NiFe alloy. Reduction of oxides (present in the Ni-MH battery electrode) with carbon sourced from waste toner was performed at 1550 °C which observed the formation of NiFe alloy as reaction proceeded to 1 h. Percentages of waste toner in the 2 g feed material containing waste electrode mass was varied to study the metal/slag formation and separation alike. The product and slag phases were both analysed by X-ray powder diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Laser induced breakdown spectrometer to confirm the formation and metallic composition of the NiFe alloy (>75 % Ni and > 14 % Fe) and the mixture of rare earth oxides present in the slag phase. In addition to manufacturing the metallic alloy, which evinces a possibility of being used as a feedstock in industrial applications, this innovative recycling technique also brings down the burden on landfills.

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通过联合回收废旧镍氢电池和废旧碳粉生产镍铁合金

本文阐明了一种将两种主要电子废物流（镍氢电池的废电极和废墨粉）结合起来制造镍铁合金的新型可持续方法。在 1550 °C的温度下，用来自废墨粉的碳还原氧化物（存在于镍氢电池电极中），观察到反应进行到 1 小时时形成的镍铁合金。通过 X 射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱和激光诱导击穿光谱仪对产品和熔渣相进行分析，以确认镍铁合金的形成和金属成分（75 % 镍和 14 % 铁）以及熔渣相中存在的稀土氧化物混合物。除了制造金属合金，这种创新的回收技术还有可能被用作工业应用的原料，同时也减轻了垃圾填埋场的负担。

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来源期刊

Sustainable Materials and Technologies Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

CiteScore

13.40

自引率

4.20%

发文量

158

审稿时长

45 days

期刊介绍： Sustainable Materials and Technologies (SM&T), an international, cross-disciplinary, fully open access journal published by Elsevier, focuses on original full-length research articles and reviews. It covers applied or fundamental science of nano-, micro-, meso-, and macro-scale aspects of materials and technologies for sustainable development. SM&T gives special attention to contributions that bridge the knowledge gap between materials and system designs.