Oxygen diffusion effects in thermo-oxidative degradation of typical tire rubber

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111074

Xiaorong He, Zhou Zhang, Teng Ren, Xinyan Yue, Shifeng Wang

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Abstract

Thermo-oxidative degradation of tire rubber has been demonstrated as a green method for upcycling waste tire rubber. However, the complicated tire compositions present challenges to achieving the homogeneity and efficiency of the reclaimed products, which restricts their widespread industrial adoption. To address this challenge, natural rubber(NR)and natural rubber/butadiene rubber(NR/BR)were innovatively designed to simulate complex tire compositions and investigate the influence of oxygen diffusion on thermo-oxidative degradation at 150–240 °C. The evolution of chemical structural changes and mechanical properties during degradation was traced by FTIR, UV–vis, and nanoindentation test. A basic reactive-diffusion model based on Fickian oxygen diffusion was used to simulate the diffusion profiles. It was found that recrosslinking decreases the oxygen permeability coefficient during NR/BR degradation as the temperature increases, making it difficult for oxygen to diffuse into the inner layer, and therefore tire rubber degrades unevenly. Lower temperatures and prolonged treatment times were recommended to enhance degradation. These findings provide substantial guidance for optimizing the recycling process of tire rubber and its sustainable utilization.

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典型轮胎橡胶热氧化降解中的氧扩散效应

轮胎橡胶的热氧化降解已被证明是废旧轮胎橡胶升级再利用的一种绿色方法。然而，复杂的轮胎成分给实现再生产品的均匀性和效率带来了挑战，限制了其在工业中的广泛应用。为应对这一挑战，研究人员创新性地设计了天然橡胶（NR）和天然橡胶/丁二烯橡胶（NR/BR），模拟复杂的轮胎成分，并研究了氧气扩散对 150-240 °C 下热氧化降解的影响。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、紫外可见光谱（UV-vis）和纳米压痕测试，对降解过程中化学结构变化和机械性能的演变进行了追踪。采用基于费克氧扩散的基本反应扩散模型模拟了扩散曲线。研究发现，随着温度的升高，再交联会降低 NR/BR 降解过程中的氧气渗透系数，使氧气难以扩散到内层，因此轮胎橡胶的降解不均匀。建议降低温度并延长处理时间，以促进降解。这些发现为优化轮胎橡胶的回收过程及其可持续利用提供了重要指导。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.