MRC-PASCL: A Few-Shot Machine Reading Comprehension Approach via Post-Training and Answer Span-Oriented Contrastive Learning

Abstract

The rapid development of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has significantly enhanced the performance of machine reading comprehension (MRC). Nevertheless, the traditional fine-tuning approaches necessitate extensive labeled data. MRC remains a challenging task in the few-shot settings or low-resource scenarios. This study proposes a novel few-shot MRC approach via post-training and answer span-oriented contrastive learning, termed MRC-PASCL. Specifically, in the post-training module, a novel noun-entity-aware data selection and generation strategy is proposed according to characteristics of MRC task and data, focusing on masking nouns and named entities in the context. In terms of fine-tuning, the proposed answer span-oriented contrastive learning manner selects spans around the golden answers as negative examples, and performs multi-task learning together with the standard MRC answer prediction task. Experimental results show that MRC-PASCL outperforms the PLMs-based baseline models and the 7B and 13B large language models (LLMs) cross most MRQA 2019 datasets. Further analyses show that our approach achieves better inference efficiency with lower computational resource requirement. The analysis results also indicate that the proposed method can better adapt to the domain-specific scenarios.