{"title":"Antemortem diagnostic tests for the detection of Aspergillus infection in birds: a systematic review.","authors":"Sabrina Vieu, Jacques Guillot, François Beaudeau","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myae112","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aspergillosis remains a common and life-threatening disease in captive and wild birds all over the world. Diagnosis is currently based on clinical signs or lesions, diagnostic imaging and a variety of biological tests. This systematic review aimed to compare the accuracy of antemortem diagnostic tests for Aspergillus infection in birds. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CAB until January 2024. The methodological quality was assessed with QUADAS 2 risk of bias tool. The thirteen studies, selected for the review, included results from a wide variety of birds (mainly Spheniciformes but also Falconiformes, Psittaciformes, and Galliformes) from wildlife rehabilitation centers, zoological parks or veterinary practices. Aspergillus infection was mainly confirmed by fungal culture and/or histopathology. Serum markers included Aspergillus components (galactomannan, ß-D-glucan, mannoproteins and gliotoxin), anti-Aspergillus antibodies, 3-hydroxybutyrate as well as protein electrophoresis and acute phase molecules. Sensitivity and specificity displayed a large amount of variation despite threshold arrangement. Disparities in the number of individuals per study did not allow for reliable comparison. Platelia Ag Assay (Bio-Rad), the most commonly used test in the studies, demonstrated moderate specificity and low sensitivity. Overall, non-specific tests demonstrated more consistent performance, whereas specific tests showed greater variability. Based on current knowledge, none of these tests provide sufficient accuracy to reliably detect Aspergillus infection in birds in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Medical mycology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myae112","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Aspergillosis remains a common and life-threatening disease in captive and wild birds all over the world. Diagnosis is currently based on clinical signs or lesions, diagnostic imaging and a variety of biological tests. This systematic review aimed to compare the accuracy of antemortem diagnostic tests for Aspergillus infection in birds. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CAB until January 2024. The methodological quality was assessed with QUADAS 2 risk of bias tool. The thirteen studies, selected for the review, included results from a wide variety of birds (mainly Spheniciformes but also Falconiformes, Psittaciformes, and Galliformes) from wildlife rehabilitation centers, zoological parks or veterinary practices. Aspergillus infection was mainly confirmed by fungal culture and/or histopathology. Serum markers included Aspergillus components (galactomannan, ß-D-glucan, mannoproteins and gliotoxin), anti-Aspergillus antibodies, 3-hydroxybutyrate as well as protein electrophoresis and acute phase molecules. Sensitivity and specificity displayed a large amount of variation despite threshold arrangement. Disparities in the number of individuals per study did not allow for reliable comparison. Platelia Ag Assay (Bio-Rad), the most commonly used test in the studies, demonstrated moderate specificity and low sensitivity. Overall, non-specific tests demonstrated more consistent performance, whereas specific tests showed greater variability. Based on current knowledge, none of these tests provide sufficient accuracy to reliably detect Aspergillus infection in birds in clinical practice.
期刊介绍：
Medical Mycology is a peer-reviewed international journal that focuses on original and innovative basic and applied studies, as well as learned reviews on all aspects of medical, veterinary and environmental mycology as related to disease. The objective is to present the highest quality scientific reports from throughout the world on divergent topics. These topics include the phylogeny of fungal pathogens, epidemiology and public health mycology themes, new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of mycoses including clinical trials and guidelines, pharmacology and antifungal susceptibilities, changes in taxonomy, description of new or unusual fungi associated with human or animal disease, immunology of fungal infections, vaccinology for prevention of fungal infections, pathogenesis and virulence, and the molecular biology of pathogenic fungi in vitro and in vivo, including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. Case reports are no longer accepted. In addition, studies of natural products showing inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungi are not accepted without chemical characterization and identification of the compounds responsible for the inhibitory activity.
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