The role for ω-3 polyunsaturated and short chain fatty acids in hypertension: An updated view on the interaction with gut microbiota

IF 4.2 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Gabriele Brosolo , Andrea Da Porto , Stefano Marcante , Filippo Capilupi , Nicole Bertin , Cinzia Vivarelli , Luca Bulfone , Antonio Vacca , Cristiana Catena , Leonardo A. Sechi
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Abstract

As of 2024, arterial hypertension is still considered the leading modifiable cardiovascular risk factor and, due to high rates of undertreatment and poor blood pressure control, the major contributor to human morbidity and mortality. Development of new treatment options and better interventions in lifestyle correction have become a priority of experimental and clinical research. In the last decades, dietary supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and generation of gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have surged as potential and promising interventions for hypertension and cardiovascular prevention. ω-3 PUFAs are considered “essential” fatty acids that can be obtained only from dietary sources. Although previous intervention trials were not consistent in reporting a significant benefit of ω-3 PUFAs, the recent REDUCE-IT trial has provided robust evidence in support of their role in cardiovascular prevention. Recent studies have also identified the intestinal microbiota as a potential player in the pathophysiology and progression of hypertension. Although this might occur through many pathways, generation of SCFAs that is highly dependent on dietary fiber intake is primarily involved, providing an additional target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. For these reasons, some scientific societies currently recommend dietary supplementation of ω-3 PUFAs and fiber-containing foods in patients with hypertension. In this narrative review, we summarize the results of studies that examined the effects of ω-3 PUFAs and SCFAs on blood pressure, highlighting the mechanisms of action on the vascular system and their possible impact on hypertension, hypertension-related organ damage and, ultimately, cardiovascular outcomes.
ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸和短链脂肪酸在高血压中的作用:与肠道微生物群相互作用的最新观点。
截至 2024 年,动脉高血压仍被认为是最主要的可改变的心血管风险因素,而且由于治疗不足率高和血压控制不佳,动脉高血压还是导致人类发病和死亡的主要因素。开发新的治疗方案和更好的生活方式矫正干预措施已成为实验和临床研究的重点。在过去的几十年中,ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 PUFAs)的膳食补充和肠道微生物群衍生的短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)作为高血压和心血管预防的潜在和有前途的干预措施得到了迅猛发展。尽管之前的干预试验并未一致报告ω-3 PUFAs 有明显的益处,但最近的 REDUCE-IT 试验提供了有力的证据,支持ω-3 PUFAs 在心血管预防中的作用。最近的研究还发现,肠道微生物群在高血压的病理生理学和发展过程中可能扮演重要角色。虽然这可能通过多种途径发生,但 SCFAs 的生成主要依赖于膳食纤维的摄入,这为新型治疗策略的开发提供了另一个目标。出于这些原因,一些科学协会目前建议高血压患者从膳食中补充ω-3 PUFAs 和含纤维的食物。在这篇叙述性综述中,我们总结了有关 ω-3 PUFAs 和 SCFAs 对血压影响的研究结果,强调了它们对血管系统的作用机制,以及它们对高血压、高血压相关器官损伤和最终心血管后果可能产生的影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
572
审稿时长
34 days
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Pharmacology publishes research papers covering all aspects of experimental pharmacology with focus on the mechanism of action of structurally identified compounds affecting biological systems. The scope includes: Behavioural pharmacology Neuropharmacology and analgesia Cardiovascular pharmacology Pulmonary, gastrointestinal and urogenital pharmacology Endocrine pharmacology Immunopharmacology and inflammation Molecular and cellular pharmacology Regenerative pharmacology Biologicals and biotherapeutics Translational pharmacology Nutriceutical pharmacology.
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