{"title":"Changes in Municipal-Level Social Capital and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Sports Group Participation and Walking Time Among Older Adults.","authors":"Taishi Tsuji, Meiko Yokoyama, Satoru Kanamori, Takahiro Tabuchi, Katsunori Kondo","doi":"10.1123/jpah.2024-0415","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in sports group participation and daily walking time among older adults in Japan from 2016 to 2019, and to elucidate the association of municipal-level social capital in these trends.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study across 2 waves (2016 and 2019), this repeated cross-sectional ecological study included 50 municipalities with 102,575 and 94,022 participants, respectively. We investigated inequalities in sports group participation, and daily walking time by income and education, using the slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality with municipal-level social capital variables, such as civic participation, reciprocity, social cohesion, and social network.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2016 to 2019, all slope index of inequalities showed a decreasing trend (-4.2 to - 0.5), whereas relative index of inequalities maintained or decreased (-0.10 to 0.00). Increases in municipal-level social capital particularly civic participation and social networks with friends were associated with reduced inequalities in both sports group participation and walking time. For example, increased civic participation scores were associated with reduced relative index of inequalities, which assessed inequalities in sports group participation by income (B = -0.13, 95% CI, -0.24 to - 0.03) and in walking time by education (B = -0.06, 95% CI, -0.11 to - 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enhancements in municipal social capital can reduce socioeconomic inequalities in sports group participation and daily walking among older adults, highlighting the importance of fostering civic participation, social networks, and cohesion in public health strategies aimed at reducing inequalities in sports and walking.</p>","PeriodicalId":16812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical activity & health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of physical activity & health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2024-0415","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in sports group participation and daily walking time among older adults in Japan from 2016 to 2019, and to elucidate the association of municipal-level social capital in these trends.
Methods: Using data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study across 2 waves (2016 and 2019), this repeated cross-sectional ecological study included 50 municipalities with 102,575 and 94,022 participants, respectively. We investigated inequalities in sports group participation, and daily walking time by income and education, using the slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality with municipal-level social capital variables, such as civic participation, reciprocity, social cohesion, and social network.
Results: From 2016 to 2019, all slope index of inequalities showed a decreasing trend (-4.2 to - 0.5), whereas relative index of inequalities maintained or decreased (-0.10 to 0.00). Increases in municipal-level social capital particularly civic participation and social networks with friends were associated with reduced inequalities in both sports group participation and walking time. For example, increased civic participation scores were associated with reduced relative index of inequalities, which assessed inequalities in sports group participation by income (B = -0.13, 95% CI, -0.24 to - 0.03) and in walking time by education (B = -0.06, 95% CI, -0.11 to - 0.01).
Conclusions: Enhancements in municipal social capital can reduce socioeconomic inequalities in sports group participation and daily walking among older adults, highlighting the importance of fostering civic participation, social networks, and cohesion in public health strategies aimed at reducing inequalities in sports and walking.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Physical Activity and Health (JPAH) publishes original research and review papers examining the relationship between physical activity and health, studying physical activity as an exposure as well as an outcome. As an exposure, the journal publishes articles examining how physical activity influences all aspects of health. As an outcome, the journal invites papers that examine the behavioral, community, and environmental interventions that may affect physical activity on an individual and/or population basis. The JPAH is an interdisciplinary journal published for researchers in fields of chronic disease.
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