Overcoming barriers in long-term, continuous monitoring of soil CO2 flux: A low-cost sensor system

IF 5.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.5194/egusphere-2024-3156

Thi Thuc Nguyen, Nadav Bekin, Ariel Altman, Martin Maier, Nurit Agam, Elad Levintal

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Abstract

Abstract. Soil CO₂ flux (F_s) is a carbon cycling metric crucial for assessing ecosystem carbon budgets and global warming. However, global F_s datasets often suffer from low temporal-spatial resolution, as well as from spatial bias. F_s observations are severely deficient in tundra and dryland ecosystems due to financial and logistical constraints of current methods for F_s quantification. In this study, we introduce a novel, low-cost sensor system (LC-SS) for long-term, continuous monitoring of soil CO₂ concentration and flux. The LC-SS, built from affordable, open-source hardware and software, offers a cost-effective solution (~USD700), accessible to low-budget users, and opens the scope for research with a large number of sensor system replications. The LC-SS was tested over ~6 months in arid soil conditions, where fluxes are small, and accuracy is critical. CO₂ concentration and soil temperature were measured at 10-min intervals at depths of 5 and 10 cm. The LC-SS demonstrated high stability and minimal maintenance requirements during the tested period. Both diurnal and seasonal soil CO₂ concentration variabilities were observed, highlighting the system's capability of continuous, long-term, in-situ monitoring of soil CO₂ concentration. In addition, F_s was calculated using the measured CO₂ concentration via the gradient method and validated with F_s measured by the flux chamber method using the well-accepted LI-COR gas analyzer system. Gradient method F_swas in good agreement with flux chamber F_s, highlighting the potential for alternative or concurrent use of the LC-SS with current methods for F_s estimation. Leveraging the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of the LC-SS (below 10 % of automated gas analyzer system cost), strategic implementation of LC-SSs could be a promising means to effectively increase the number of measurements, spatially and temporally, ultimately aiding in bridging the gap between global F_s uncertainties and current measurement limitations.

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克服长期连续监测土壤二氧化碳通量的障碍：低成本传感器系统

摘要。土壤二氧化碳通量（Fs）是一种碳循环指标，对评估生态系统碳预算和全球变暖至关重要。然而，全球 Fs 数据集往往存在时空分辨率低和空间偏差的问题。由于目前的 Fs 定量方法在资金和后勤方面的限制，冻原和旱地生态系统的 Fs 观测严重不足。在本研究中，我们介绍了一种新型低成本传感器系统（LC-SS），用于长期、连续监测土壤二氧化碳浓度和通量。LC-SS 由经济实惠的开源硬件和软件构建而成，提供了一种经济高效的解决方案（约 700 美元），低预算用户也可使用，并为大量传感器系统复制的研究开辟了空间。LC-SS 在干旱的土壤条件下进行了长达约 6 个月的测试，在这种条件下，通量很小，精度至关重要。在 5 厘米和 10 厘米深的土壤中，每隔 10 分钟测量一次二氧化碳浓度和土壤温度。LC-SS 在测试期间表现出很高的稳定性和最低的维护要求。观测到了土壤二氧化碳浓度的昼夜变化和季节变化，突出显示了该系统对土壤二氧化碳浓度进行连续、长期、原位监测的能力。此外，还利用梯度法测量的二氧化碳浓度计算了 Fs，并与使用广受认可的 LI-COR 气体分析仪系统通过通量室法测量的 Fs 进行了验证。梯度法 Fs 与通量室法 Fs 非常一致，凸显了 LC-SS 与当前 Fs 估算方法的替代或并用潜力。利用 LC-SS 的准确性和成本效益（低于自动气体分析仪系统成本的 10%），战略性地实施 LC-SS 可以有效地增加空间和时间上的测量次数，最终帮助缩小全球 Fs 不确定性与当前测量局限性之间的差距。

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来源期刊

Soil Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Soil Science

CiteScore

10.80

自引率

2.90%

发文量

审稿时长

30 weeks

期刊介绍： SOIL is an international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of high-quality research in the field of soil system sciences. SOIL is at the interface between the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. SOIL publishes scientific research that contributes to understanding the soil system and its interaction with humans and the entire Earth system. The scope of the journal includes all topics that fall within the study of soil science as a discipline, with an emphasis on studies that integrate soil science with other sciences (hydrology, agronomy, socio-economics, health sciences, atmospheric sciences, etc.).