{"title":"Current Understandings and Open Hypotheses on Extracellular Circular RNAs.","authors":"Jasper Verwilt, Marieke Vromman","doi":"10.1002/wrna.1872","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closed RNA loops present in humans and other organisms. Various circRNAs have an essential role in diseases, including cancer. Cells can release circRNAs into the extracellular space of adjacent biofluids and can be present in extracellular vesicles. Due to their circular nature, extracellular circRNAs (excircRNAs) are more stable than their linear counterparts and are abundant in many biofluids, such as blood plasma and urine. circRNAs' link with disease suggests their extracellular counterparts have high biomarker potential. However, circRNAs and the extracellular space are challenging research domains, as they consist of complex biological systems plagued with nomenclature issues and a wide variety of protocols with different advantages and disadvantages. Here, we summarize what is known about excircRNAs, the current challenges in the field, and what is needed to improve extracellular circRNA research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23886,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA","volume":"15 6","pages":"e1872"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1872","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closed RNA loops present in humans and other organisms. Various circRNAs have an essential role in diseases, including cancer. Cells can release circRNAs into the extracellular space of adjacent biofluids and can be present in extracellular vesicles. Due to their circular nature, extracellular circRNAs (excircRNAs) are more stable than their linear counterparts and are abundant in many biofluids, such as blood plasma and urine. circRNAs' link with disease suggests their extracellular counterparts have high biomarker potential. However, circRNAs and the extracellular space are challenging research domains, as they consist of complex biological systems plagued with nomenclature issues and a wide variety of protocols with different advantages and disadvantages. Here, we summarize what is known about excircRNAs, the current challenges in the field, and what is needed to improve extracellular circRNA research.
期刊介绍：
WIREs RNA aims to provide comprehensive, up-to-date, and coherent coverage of this interesting and growing field, providing a framework for both RNA experts and interdisciplinary researchers to not only gain perspective in areas of RNA biology, but to generate new insights and applications as well. Major topics to be covered are: RNA Structure and Dynamics; RNA Evolution and Genomics; RNA-Based Catalysis; RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules; Translation; RNA Processing; RNA Export/Localization; RNA Turnover and Surveillance; Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches; RNA in Disease and Development; and RNA Methods.
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