Characteristics of Successful Leadership: Perspectives From Asian Nursing Leaders.

Eun-Ok Im, Ching-Min Chen, Haewon Kim, Eui Geum Oh, Reiko Sakashita, Hsiu-Hung Wang, Hsiu-Min Tsai
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Abstract

Background: The development of nursing leaders is an important topic in changing healthcare environments. Successful nursing leadership is critical to the reconstruction, implementation, and evaluation of healthcare systems worldwide. However, the characteristics of successful nursing leadership remain unclear, especially in a global context. Furthermore, despite the growing importance of cultural intelligence, cross-cultural concepts of successful nursing leadership have been inadequately addressed in the literature.

Purpose: This study was designed to identify the characteristics of successful leadership in nursing from the perspective of Asian leaders in four countries (United States, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan) and to make recommendations for successful leadership in nursing in the future.

Methods: A qualitative approach employing five strategies, including in-depth discussions through face-to-face and email discussions, an integrated literature review using multiple databases, responses to 10 topics related to nursing leadership, and written note summaries of the characteristics of successful leadership, was used in this study. A total of 10 nursing leaders from four countries were recruited as participants using snowball sampling. The collected qualitative data were analyzed using line-by-line coding and simple content analysis to extract the characteristics of successful leadership in nursing.

Results: The final sample included seven nursing leaders aged between 55 and 70 years. All of the participants were in nursing leadership positions at schools/colleges of nursing or professional organizations for at least two decades and had extensive leadership experience through their schools/colleges, professional organizations, and/or governments. Five key themes related to the characteristics of successful leadership were identified from the participants: (a) culturally and historically prescribed, (b) overcoming gendered experience, (c) equipped with good character, (d) guiding with a vision, and (e) with contextualized leadership.

Conclusions/implications for practice: Five characteristics of successful leadership were identified from the perspective of Asian nursing leaders. All of the participants recommended that successful nursing leadership be based on contextual leadership and that successful nursing leadership help meet rapidly changing needs, enable mutual trust, and actively commit and complete necessary risks. Moreover, future successful leadership should have a clear vision and strongly guide the implementation of changes as well as be equipped with cultural intelligence. Finally, successful nursing leadership should be based on ethical, trustable, and humane behaviors while promptly and adequately responding to the changing needs of their institutions/organizations. Cross-regional research on successful nursing leadership is essential to enrich the global evidence and knowledge on developing the next generation of nursing leaders.

成功领导的特征:亚洲护理领导者的观点。
背景:在不断变化的医疗保健环境中,培养护理领导者是一个重要课题。成功的护理领导力对于全球医疗保健系统的重建、实施和评估至关重要。然而,成功护理领导力的特征仍不明确,尤其是在全球范围内。目的:本研究旨在从四个国家(美国、台湾、韩国和日本)的亚裔领导者的视角出发,确定成功的护理领导力的特征,并为未来成功的护理领导力提出建议:本研究采用了五种定性方法,包括通过面对面讨论和电子邮件讨论进行深入探讨、利用多个数据库进行综合文献综述、回答与护理领导力相关的 10 个主题,以及对成功领导力的特征进行书面总结。本研究采用滚雪球抽样法,共招募了来自四个国家的 10 名护理领导者作为参与者。研究采用逐行编码和简单内容分析法对收集到的定性数据进行分析,以提取成功护理领导力的特征:最终样本包括七名护理领导,年龄在 55 岁至 70 岁之间。所有参与者都在护理学校/学院或专业组织中担任护理领导职务至少二十年,并在学校/学院、专业组织和/或政府中拥有丰富的领导经验。参与者提出了与成功领导力特征相关的五个关键主题:(a)文化和历史规定,(b)克服性别经验,(c)具备良好品格,(d)以远见为指导,以及(e)具有因地制宜的领导力:从亚洲护理领导者的视角出发,确定了成功领导力的五个特征。所有参与者都建议,成功的护理领导力应建立在情境领导力的基础上,成功的护理领导力应有助于满足快速变化的需求、实现相互信任、积极承担并完成必要的风险。此外,未来成功的领导层应具有清晰的愿景,有力地指导变革的实施,并具备文化智慧。最后,成功的护理领导力应建立在道德、信任和人性化行为的基础上,同时及时、充分地应对机构/组织不断变化的需求。关于成功的护理领导力的跨区域研究对于丰富全球培养下一代护理领导者的证据和知识至关重要。
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