Exposure to tropospheric ozone and NO2 in the ambient air of Tehran metropolis: Spatiotemporal distribution and inhalation health risk assessment

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1016/j.pce.2024.103777

Nayereh Rezaie Rahimi , Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor , Reza Fouladi-Fard

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Air pollution has emerged as a critical challenge in the 21st century, necessitating alert monitoring of key pollutants such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)F. These pollutants are exacerbated by urbanization and industrialization, posing significant health risks, particularly in densely populated metropolitan areas.

Objective

The aim of this study was inhalation health risk assessment of NO₂ and ozone in various scenarios and spatiotemporal Distribution Interpolation.

Methods

Data were collected from the Tehran Air Quality Control Center, encompassing 18 monitoring stations from March 2019 to February 2022. Health risk assessments (HRA) were performed for adult age groups across three different exposure scenarios (3, 8, and 12 h) And a sensitivity analysis was also conducted to determine the relative importance of each parameter in assessing the risks of each scenario.

Results

The hazard index (HI) values for NO₂ and ozone in all three scenarios were found to range from 0.24 to 1.56 and 0.04 to 0.49, respectively and body weight is a risk-lowering factor in sensitivity analyses. The interpolation results of ozone, NOx, and NO2 using the IDW approach from March 2019 to February 2022 showed that overall, the north and northeast of Tehran had the highest concentrations of NO2 and NOx, and the north and west had the highest concentrations of ozone.

Significance

This study underscores the HRA with exposure to NO₂ and ozone, particularly for individuals spending more than 8 h outdoors. Given Tehran's high population density and persistent air pollution, it is imperative to implement effective control policies to safeguard public health. The findings advocate for limiting outdoor activity to less than 8 h per day, especially for vulnerable occupational groups. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of considering body weight in health risk assessments.

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德黑兰大都市环境空气中的对流层臭氧和二氧化氮暴露：时空分布和吸入健康风险评估

背景空气污染已成为 21 世纪的一项严峻挑战，需要对臭氧和二氧化氮（NO2）F 等主要污染物进行警戒监测。本研究的目的是对各种情况下的二氧化氮和臭氧进行吸入健康风险评估，并进行时空分布插值。方法从德黑兰空气质量控制中心收集数据，包括 2019 年 3 月至 2022 年 2 月期间的 18 个监测站。结果在所有三种情况下，二氧化氮和臭氧的危害指数（HI）值分别为 0.24 至 1.56 和 0.04 至 0.49，在敏感性分析中，体重是降低风险的因素。使用 IDW 方法对 2019 年 3 月至 2022 年 2 月期间的臭氧、氮氧化物和二氧化氮进行插值的结果显示，总体而言，德黑兰北部和东北部的二氧化氮和氮氧化物浓度最高，北部和西部的臭氧浓度最高。由于德黑兰人口密度高，空气污染持续存在，因此必须实施有效的控制政策来保障公众健康。研究结果提倡将每天的户外活动时间限制在 8 小时以内，尤其是对于易受伤害的职业群体。此外，研究还强调了在健康风险评估中考虑体重的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

2.70%

发文量

176

审稿时长

31.6 weeks

期刊介绍： Physics and Chemistry of the Earth is an international interdisciplinary journal for the rapid publication of collections of refereed communications in separate thematic issues, either stemming from scientific meetings, or, especially compiled for the occasion. There is no restriction on the length of articles published in the journal. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth incorporates the separate Parts A, B and C which existed until the end of 2001. Please note: the Editors are unable to consider submissions that are not invited or linked to a thematic issue. Please do not submit unsolicited papers. The journal covers the following subject areas: -Solid Earth and Geodesy: (geology, geochemistry, tectonophysics, seismology, volcanology, palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism, electromagnetism and potential fields, marine and environmental geosciences as well as geodesy). -Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere: (hydrology and water resources research, engineering and management, oceanography and oceanic chemistry, shelf, sea, lake and river sciences, meteorology and atmospheric sciences incl. chemistry as well as climatology and glaciology). -Solar-Terrestrial and Planetary Science: (solar, heliospheric and solar-planetary sciences, geology, geophysics and atmospheric sciences of planets, satellites and small bodies as well as cosmochemistry and exobiology).