Public acceptance of green hydrogen production in Germany

Abstract

To achieve greenhouse gas neutrality by 2045, Germany must reduce its CO₂ emissions, and German policies aim to ramp up domestic green hydrogen production. So far, green hydrogen production in Germany is still in its early stages, with few existing green hydrogen plants. Amongst other factors, public acceptance is crucial for successfully expanding green hydrogen production. However, few studies have investigated the acceptance of green hydrogen plants or production. Thus, this study aims to identify key factors influencing the acceptance of green hydrogen plants in Germany, focusing on the influence of participation in green hydrogen projects. A nationwide online survey (n = 1203) collected data from 1203 respondents living in regions with existing or planned green hydrogen plants in Germany. A multiple linear regression model identified eight key factors that influence the acceptance, including trust in plant safety, trust in project managers, information, risk/benefit perception, experience with green hydrogen, and gender, all having a significant positive impact on the acceptance of green hydrogen plants in Germany. Conversely, participation in the form of consultation and environmental self-identity negatively influence the acceptance of green hydrogen plants in Germany. The results support political decision-makers and stakeholders in realising future green hydrogen projects with high societal acceptance and address potential concerns, thus facilitating the transition towards a more sustainable energy future in Germany and elsewhere.