{"title":"Preimplantation trophectoderm: A 'quick-fix' protector for embryo survival?","authors":"Tom P Fleming","doi":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The trophectoderm (TE) epithelium forms the outer layer of the mammalian blastocyst and generates the blastocoel through vectorial transport. Its differentiation during cleavage, studied mainly in mouse, is integrated with blastocyst morphogenesis with key roles for cell polarisation, asymmetric cell divisions, cell signalling, regulatory transcription factors and cellular inheritance. The TE provides a physical and cellular protection to the emerging lineages of the embryo essential for the integrity of blastocyst development. Here, two examples of TE differentiation are considered in some detail where this immediate protective function for embryo survival is assessed: (i) cellular processes from TE at the polar-mural junctional zone in the early blastocyst that later form filopodia traversing the blastocoel, and (ii) the endocytic system which matures and polarises during differentiation. Understanding the broad role for TE in regulating early morphogenesis and environmental protection of the embryo, including these two examples, have clinical as well as biological relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.10.006","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The trophectoderm (TE) epithelium forms the outer layer of the mammalian blastocyst and generates the blastocoel through vectorial transport. Its differentiation during cleavage, studied mainly in mouse, is integrated with blastocyst morphogenesis with key roles for cell polarisation, asymmetric cell divisions, cell signalling, regulatory transcription factors and cellular inheritance. The TE provides a physical and cellular protection to the emerging lineages of the embryo essential for the integrity of blastocyst development. Here, two examples of TE differentiation are considered in some detail where this immediate protective function for embryo survival is assessed: (i) cellular processes from TE at the polar-mural junctional zone in the early blastocyst that later form filopodia traversing the blastocoel, and (ii) the endocytic system which matures and polarises during differentiation. Understanding the broad role for TE in regulating early morphogenesis and environmental protection of the embryo, including these two examples, have clinical as well as biological relevance.
滋养层上皮（TE）形成哺乳动物胚泡的外层，并通过矢量运输生成胚泡。主要在小鼠体内研究的裂解过程中，滋养层上皮的分化与囊胚的形态发生结合在一起，对细胞极化、不对称细胞分裂、细胞信号、转录因子调控和细胞遗传起着关键作用。TE 为胚胎新出现的细胞系提供物理和细胞保护，对囊胚发育的完整性至关重要。在此，将对 TE 分化的两个实例进行详细研究，以评估其对胚胎存活的直接保护功能：(i) TE 在早期囊胚极壁交界区的细胞过程，这些过程后来形成穿越囊胚管的丝状体；(ii) 在分化过程中成熟和极化的内细胞系统。了解 TE 在调节胚胎早期形态发生和环境保护方面的广泛作用（包括这两个例子）具有临床和生物学意义。
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