Experimental study on the corrosion behavior of wellbore cement with a leaking channel under different acidic environments

IF 4.6 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS
Manguang Gan , Liwei Zhang , Yan Wang , Qinglong Qin , Ting Xiao , Yue Yin , Hanwen Wang
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Abstract

In the scenario of geologic CO2 storage, the injection of CO2 can create a carbonic acid-rich environment in the reservoir, and Cl-- and SO42--rich low-pH environments may form in the reservoir if the reservoir brine contains high concentrations of Cl- and SO42-. The analysis of morphological changes in wellbore cement containing leakage channels before and after the reaction in different acidic environments is crucial for assessing the risk of CO2 leakage along the internal cracks of wellbore cement. This study characterizes the morphological and structural changes of wellbore cement with a leaking channel before and after the flow of CO2-saturated brine and then compares the results with the structural changes of channels after exposure to HCl and H2SO4 solutions. The results indicate that the cement around the leaking channel dissolves, and the channel volume increases when exposed to CO2-saturated brine. The reaction is more intense at the inlet end than at the outlet end, and some cracks form around the channel. As the HCl solution flows through the channel, a hydrate precipitate that contains calcium and aluminum forms from the inlet to the middle of the channel. This is due to the aqueous phase cations (Ca2+ and Al3+ released from the hydrated cement phases) mixing with the high pH pore fluid ahead of the acid front. Upon flow of the H2SO4 solution through the channel, a thin layer of precipitation forms on both the inlet and outlet ends of the channel. XRD analysis indicates that the precipitation comprises gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), which forms due to the reaction between SO42- in the H2SO4 solution and Ca2+ in the cement hydration product. The volume of the channel decreased after exposure to HCl and H2SO4 solutions, indicating that secondary precipitation resulting from the reaction between the cement and acid exceeded the cement dissolution, and the hydrochloric and sulfuric acidic environments had a limited effect on the expansion of the wellbore cement's internal channel. The experimental results of this study also indicate that in an acidic environment with the same pH, the CO2-saturated brine is the most corrosive to wellbore cement, followed by hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid is the least corrosive.
不同酸性环境下带有泄漏通道的井筒水泥腐蚀行为的实验研究
在二氧化碳地质封存的情况下,注入的二氧化碳会在储层中形成富含碳酸的环境,如果储层盐水中含有高浓度的Cl-和SO42-,则可能在储层中形成富含Cl-和SO42-的低pH环境。在不同的酸性环境中,分析含有渗漏通道的井筒水泥在反应前后的形态变化,对于评估二氧化碳沿井筒水泥内部裂缝渗漏的风险至关重要。本研究表征了带有泄漏通道的井筒水泥在二氧化碳饱和盐水流动前后的形态和结构变化,然后将结果与暴露于 HCl 和 H2SO4 溶液后通道的结构变化进行了比较。结果表明,在接触二氧化碳饱和盐水时,渗漏通道周围的水泥溶解,通道体积增大。入口端的反应比出口端的强烈,通道周围出现了一些裂缝。当盐酸溶液流经通道时,从入口到通道中间会形成含有钙和铝的水合物沉淀。这是由于水相阳离子(水化水泥相释放的 Ca2+ 和 Al3+)与酸前沿的高 pH 值孔隙流体混合所致。H2SO4 溶液流经通道后,在通道的进口端和出口端都形成了一层薄薄的沉淀。XRD 分析表明,沉淀由石膏(CaSO4-2H2O)组成,是 H2SO4 溶液中的 SO42- 和水泥水化产物中的 Ca2+ 反应形成的。在接触盐酸和 H2SO4 溶液后,通道体积减小,表明水泥与酸反应产生的二次沉淀超过了水泥的溶解,盐酸和硫酸环境对井筒水泥内部通道的扩张影响有限。本研究的实验结果还表明,在相同 pH 值的酸性环境中,二氧化碳饱和盐水对井筒水泥的腐蚀性最强,盐酸次之,硫酸腐蚀性最小。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
10.30%
发文量
199
审稿时长
4.8 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control is a peer reviewed journal focusing on scientific and engineering developments in greenhouse gas control through capture and storage at large stationary emitters in the power sector and in other major resource, manufacturing and production industries. The Journal covers all greenhouse gas emissions within the power and industrial sectors, and comprises both technical and non-technical related literature in one volume. Original research, review and comments papers are included.
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