Factors influencing synthesis and properties of MAX phases

IF 6.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Science China Materials Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI:10.1007/s40843-024-3073-7

Maaz Ullah Khan, Sumair Ahmed Soomro, Muhammad Irfan Jahanger, Yanchun Zhou (, ), Longsheng Chu (, ), Qingguo Feng (, ), Chunfeng Hu (, )

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Abstract

MAX phases are a member of ternary carbide and nitride, with a layered crystal structure and a mixed nature of chemical bonds (covalent-ionic-metallic) that promote MAX phases embracing both ceramic and metal characteristics. As a result, MAX phase ceramics emerge with remarkable properties unique from other traditional ceramics. In this review, we focus on alternate processing approaches for MAX phases that are cost-effective and energy-saving. The MAX phase purity, formation of other unwanted phases, microstructure, and properties are influenced by many parameters during processing. Therefore, we highlight the effect of numerous factors, which alternately diminish the efficiency and performance of materials. Here, the impact of several parameters, such as starting materials, stoichiometric composition, temperature, pressure, particle size, porosity, microstructure, mechanical alloying, mechanical activation, ion irradiation, and doping, are summarized to reveal their influence on the synthesis and properties of MAX phases. The potential applications of MAX phases are considered for their development on a commercial scale toward the industry.

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影响 MAX 相的合成和特性的因素

MAX 相属于三元碳化物和氮化物，具有层状晶体结构和混合性质的化学键（共价键-离子键-金属键），使 MAX 相兼具陶瓷和金属的特性。因此，MAX 相陶瓷具有不同于其他传统陶瓷的显著特性。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍具有成本效益和节能的 MAX 相替代加工方法。MAX 相的纯度、其他不需要的相的形成、微观结构和性能在加工过程中受到许多参数的影响。因此，我们强调众多因素的影响，这些因素会交替降低材料的效率和性能。在此，我们总结了起始材料、化学成分、温度、压力、粒度、孔隙率、微观结构、机械合金化、机械活化、离子辐照和掺杂等参数对 MAX 相合成和性能的影响。此外，还考虑了 MAX 相的潜在应用，以促进其在工业领域的商业化发展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Science China Materials Materials Science-General Materials Science

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

7.40%

发文量

949

期刊介绍： Science China Materials (SCM) is a globally peer-reviewed journal that covers all facets of materials science. It is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and co-sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The journal is jointly published monthly in both printed and electronic forms by Science China Press and Springer. The aim of SCM is to encourage communication of high-quality, innovative research results at the cutting-edge interface of materials science with chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering. It focuses on breakthroughs from around the world and aims to become a world-leading academic journal for materials science.