Moving milk and shifting risk: A mixed methods assessment of food safety risks along informal dairy value chains in Kisumu, Kenya

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI:10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100914

Lilly Catherine Smith , Andrew Stringer , Kevin Omondi Owuor , Bryson Alberto Ndenga , Christabel Winter , Keli Nicole Gerken

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Animal sourced foods (ASF) are important for global food security and in mitigating the impact of undernutrition. Across Sub-Saharan Africa, demand and urbanization continue to increase, creating a greater divide between farm-level production and consumption. Food safety residues including antibiotics and aflatoxin residues often originate at the production site, and risk can shift as milk is transported. In 2022, milk samples (n = 190) were collected from eight milk vendors in Kisumu, Kenya and tested for betalactams and aflatoxins with cut off values of 300 parts per billion (ppb) and 200 parts per trillion (ppt), respectively. Data was collected on the origin and containers of each sample, and the eight vendors responded to an open-ended questionnaire regarding the structure and challenges in their milk business.

Aflatoxin residues were detected in 7 % (13/190) of samples with no samples (0/190) testing positive for antibiotic residues. Overall, 80 % samples were collected from metal transportation containers, and no milk containers >20 l tested positive for aflatoxins. The origin location(s) of milk was not significantly associated with residues (p = 0.44). Vendor questionnaire data were summarized into three themes: 1) Physical properties of milk are understood to influence quality, 2) Fluctuating availability of milk impacts profits and is the main influence on choice of supplier, and 3) Trust and rapport among value chain actors are key to mitigating business challenges.

Our results indicate that farm-level practices around antibiotic use is not posing a major milk safety risk to urban consumers. Use of large 50-l containers for transporting milk may be protective as risk of aflatoxin residues is diluted below key thresholds. We recommend supporting existing relationships and identifying drivers that build trust among informal value chain actors which could strengthen collaboration and allow actors to move towards a shared goal of reliable and safe milk available for urban consumers.

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移动牛奶和转移风险：用混合方法评估肯尼亚基苏木非正规乳制品价值链上的食品安全风险

动物源食品 (ASF) 对于全球粮食安全和减轻营养不良的影响非常重要。在整个撒哈拉以南非洲地区，需求和城市化持续增长，造成农场生产和消费之间的鸿沟越来越大。食品安全残留物（包括抗生素和黄曲霉毒素残留物）通常源自生产现场，而风险会随着牛奶的运输而转移。2022 年，从肯尼亚基苏木的 8 个牛奶商贩处收集了牛奶样本（n = 190），并对其进行了倍他内酰胺和黄曲霉毒素检测，检测的临界值分别为十亿分之 300 (ppb) 和万亿分之 200 (ppt)。收集的数据涉及每个样本的来源和容器，8 个销售商回答了有关其牛奶业务结构和挑战的开放式问卷。7%的样本（13/190）检测出黄曲霉毒素残留，没有样本（0/190）检测出抗生素残留。总体而言，80%的样品是从金属运输容器中采集的，没有 20 升牛奶容器的黄曲霉毒素检测呈阳性。牛奶的原产地与残留物的关系不大（p = 0.44）。供应商问卷调查数据归纳为三个主题：1）牛奶的物理特性被认为会影响质量；2）牛奶供应量的波动会影响利润，是选择供应商的主要影响因素；3）价值链参与者之间的信任和融洽关系是减轻经营挑战的关键。使用 50 升的大容器运输牛奶可能具有保护作用，因为黄曲霉毒素残留风险被稀释到关键阈值以下。我们建议支持现有的关系，并确定在非正规价值链参与者之间建立信任的驱动因素，这可以加强合作，使参与者朝着为城市消费者提供可靠、安全的牛奶这一共同目标迈进。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

One Health Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

4.00%

发文量

审稿时长

18 weeks

期刊介绍： One Health - a Gold Open Access journal. The mission of One Health is to provide a platform for rapid communication of high quality scientific knowledge on inter- and intra-species pathogen transmission, bringing together leading experts in virology, bacteriology, parasitology, mycology, vectors and vector-borne diseases, tropical health, veterinary sciences, pathology, immunology, food safety, mathematical modelling, epidemiology, public health research and emergency preparedness. As a Gold Open Access journal, a fee is payable on acceptance of the paper. Please see the Guide for Authors for more information. Submissions to the following categories are welcome: Virology, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycology, Vectors and vector-borne diseases, Co-infections and co-morbidities, Disease spatial surveillance, Modelling, Tropical Health, Discovery, Ecosystem Health, Public Health.