Beyond nearshoring: The political economy of Mexico's emerging electric vehicle industry

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI:10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114385

Nain Martinez , Diana Terrazas-Santamaria

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Abstract

Nearshoring and global value chain reconfiguration trends have gained renewed relevance amid mounting disruptions in globalized production models. However, the precise dynamics behind shifts in the nascent electric vehicle (EV) industry value chain remain unclear. This study examines the factors that drive direct investment into Mexico's EV production ecosystem. It analyzes how these investment patterns reshape regional value chains while accelerating the transition toward electromobility. This analysis is based on an original 2019–2023 dataset of 48 Mexican EV production investment projects and three emblematic case studies: Tesla, Metalsa, and Sanhua. The findings suggest that the confluence of USMCA trade pact stipulations, US-China tensions, climate policy, and consumer incentives in the US, alongside specialized capabilities in Mexico, catalyze this nascent EV industry. In this fluctuating landscape, Mexico plays a dual role, both reducing US reliance on Chinese-dominated chains while attracting international firms interested in integrating into regional production networks. Thereby, the study delineates the specific drivers beyond nearshoring that have attracted EV production investment to Mexico. It, therefore, provides insights into the forces shaping Mexico's emergence as a strategic hub for regionalized EV manufacturing and outlines implications for future corporate strategies and public policies.

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超越近岸外包：墨西哥新兴电动汽车产业的政治经济学

在全球化生产模式日益受到破坏的情况下，近岸外包和全球价值链重构趋势重新获得了现实意义。然而，新兴的电动汽车（EV）产业价值链转变背后的确切动力仍不明确。本研究探讨了推动对墨西哥电动汽车生产生态系统进行直接投资的因素。它分析了这些投资模式如何重塑区域价值链，同时加速向电动汽车的过渡。该分析基于 2019-2023 年 48 个墨西哥电动汽车生产投资项目的原始数据集和三个代表性案例研究：特斯拉、Metalsa 和三花。研究结果表明，USMCA 贸易协定的规定、中美紧张关系、气候政策、美国的消费者激励措施以及墨西哥的专业能力，共同催化了这一新兴的电动汽车产业。在这一波动的格局中，墨西哥扮演着双重角色，既减少了美国对中国主导的产业链的依赖，又吸引了有兴趣融入地区生产网络的国际企业。因此，本研究界定了吸引电动汽车生产投资到墨西哥的近岸外包以外的具体驱动因素。因此，本研究深入探讨了墨西哥成为区域化电动汽车制造战略中心的原因，并概述了对未来企业战略和公共政策的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Energy Policy 管理科学-环境科学

CiteScore

17.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

540

审稿时长

7.9 months

期刊介绍： Energy policy is the manner in which a given entity (often governmental) has decided to address issues of energy development including energy conversion, distribution and use as well as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in order to contribute to climate change mitigation. The attributes of energy policy may include legislation, international treaties, incentives to investment, guidelines for energy conservation, taxation and other public policy techniques. Energy policy is closely related to climate change policy because totalled worldwide the energy sector emits more greenhouse gas than other sectors.