Legal Constraints or Aggregate Individual Characteristics? Examining Factors of State R&D Intensity and Spending in the United States

IF 2.7 Q2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Journal of Public Affairs Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI:10.1002/pa.2953

Koomin Kim

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Abstract

This study empirically examines the impacts of legal constraints and aggregate individual characteristics on the funding and expenditure related to states' research and development (R&D). A system generalized method of moments (GMM) analysis is performed over a 20-year period (2000–2019). The budgetary institutions, including rainy-day funds, TELs, and debt limitations, significantly affect states' overall innovative capacity and R&D spending. They can hinder improvements in states' innovative capacity and R&D expenditure. On the other hand, states can circumvent these institutions and increase their R&D intensity and spending. States' development and human capacity foster their innovative capacity and R&D spending. Catholic work ethic is also crucial for enhancing state governments' innovative capacity and R&D expenditure. Legislative term limits reduce states' R&D intensity and expenditure. Meanwhile, economic downturns may motivate additional spending on R&D activities to promote states' innovative capacity and R&D spending. Fiscal burdens can prevent states from investing in R&D.

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法律限制还是个人综合特征？考察美国各州研发强度和支出的因素

本研究从实证角度考察了法律约束和个体总体特征对各州研发（R&D）相关资金和支出的影响。在 20 年内（2000-2019 年）进行了系统广义矩量法（GMM）分析。包括雨天基金、电讯费和债务限制在内的预算制度极大地影响了各州的整体创新能力和研发支出。它们会阻碍各州创新能力和研发支出的提高。另一方面，各州也可以规避这些制度，增加研发强度和支出。各州的发展能力和人的能力会促进其创新能力和研发支出。天主教徒的职业道德也是提高州政府创新能力和研发支出的关键。立法任期限制降低了各州的研发强度和支出。同时，经济衰退可能会促使各州增加研发活动支出，以提高创新能力和研发支出。财政负担会阻碍各州对研发的投资。

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来源期刊

Journal of Public Affairs PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION-

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

3.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Public Affairs provides an international forum for refereed papers, case studies and reviews on the latest developments, practice and thinking in government relations, public affairs, and political marketing. The Journal is guided by the twin objectives of publishing submissions of the utmost relevance to the day-to-day practice of communication specialists, and promoting the highest standards of intellectual rigour.