The Microbiota in Children and Adolescents with Asthma.

IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS
Lucio Casali, Giulia Maria Stella
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Abstract

The role of the respiratory microbiome has been deeply explored for at least two decades. Its characterization using modern methods is now well-defined, and the impacts of many microorganisms on health and diseases have been elucidated. Moreover, the acquired knowledge in related fields enables patient stratification based on their risk for disease onset, and the microbiome can play a role in defining possible phenotypes. The interplay between the lung and gut microbiomes is crucial in determining the microbial composition and immuno-inflammatory reaction. Asthma is still not a well-defined condition, where hyperreactivity and the immune system play important roles. In this disease, the microbiome is mostly represented by Proteobacteria, Streptococcus, and Veillonella, while Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr viruses are the most prevalent viruses. A mycobiome may also be present. The passage from infancy to adolescence is examined by evaluating both the clinical picture and its relationship with possible variations of the microbiome and its effects on asthma. Otherwise, asthma is considered a heterogeneous disease that often starts in childhood and follows a particular personalized track, where adolescence plays a pivotal role in future prognosis. Under this point of view, the microbiota, with its possible variations due to many factors, both internal and external, can modify its composition; consequently, its inflammatory action and role in the immunological response has obvious consequences on the clinical conditions.

儿童和青少年哮喘患者的微生物群。
呼吸道微生物组的作用已被深入探讨了至少二十年。目前,利用现代方法对其特征进行了明确界定,并阐明了许多微生物对健康和疾病的影响。此外,在相关领域获得的知识可根据患者的发病风险对其进行分层,微生物组可在确定可能的表型方面发挥作用。肺部和肠道微生物组之间的相互作用对决定微生物组成和免疫炎症反应至关重要。哮喘仍不是一种定义明确的疾病,过度反应和免疫系统在其中发挥着重要作用。在这种疾病中,微生物组主要以变形杆菌、链球菌和维龙菌为代表,而巨细胞病毒和 Epstein-Barr 病毒则是最常见的病毒。霉菌生物群也可能存在。通过评估临床表现及其与微生物组的可能变化之间的关系以及微生物组对哮喘的影响,来研究从婴儿期到青春期的变化。否则,哮喘被认为是一种异质性疾病,通常始于儿童期,并遵循特定的个性化轨迹,其中青春期对未来的预后起着关键作用。从这一角度来看,微生物群可能会因多种内外因素而发生变化,从而改变其组成;因此,微生物群的炎症作用和在免疫反应中的作用会对临床症状产生明显的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Children-Basel
Children-Basel PEDIATRICS-
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
16.70%
发文量
1735
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: Children is an international, open access journal dedicated to a streamlined, yet scientifically rigorous, dissemination of peer-reviewed science related to childhood health and disease in developed and developing countries. The publication focuses on sharing clinical, epidemiological and translational science relevant to children’s health. Moreover, the primary goals of the publication are to highlight under‑represented pediatric disciplines, to emphasize interdisciplinary research and to disseminate advances in knowledge in global child health. In addition to original research, the journal publishes expert editorials and commentaries, clinical case reports, and insightful communications reflecting the latest developments in pediatric medicine. By publishing meritorious articles as soon as the editorial review process is completed, rather than at predefined intervals, Children also permits rapid open access sharing of new information, allowing us to reach the broadest audience in the most expedient fashion.
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