A Review of Toxicological Profile of Fentanyl-A 2024 Update.

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI:10.3390/toxics12100690

Jessica Williamson, Ali Kermanizadeh

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Fentanyl and its analogues are synthetic opioids of varying potencies that are unfortunately heavily abused. Over the last 15 years, fentanyl and its analogues have contributed to the increasing prominence of hospitalisation and numerous deaths due to drug overdose. In this comprehensive literature review, the mechanism of toxicity of the drug in humans is evaluated. A systematic approach was used whereby the relevant literature has been detailed where the toxicity of fentanyl and/or its analogues to different organs/systems were investigated. Furthermore, the review covers the post-mortem toxicological data and demographic information from past fatal cases where fentanyl was believed to be involved. Such insight into fentanyl toxicity is useful as an aid to better understand the toxic doses of the drug and the suspected mechanism of action and the unexpected complications associated with overdose incidences involving the drug. Finally, the review offers an overview of the traditional and emerging test systems used to investigate the adverse effects of fentanyl on human health.

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芬太尼毒理学概况综述--2024 年更新。

芬太尼（Fentanyl）及其类似物是一种合成的阿片类药物，具有不同的药效，但不幸的是被大量滥用。在过去的 15 年中，芬太尼及其类似物导致因吸毒过量而住院治疗和死亡的案例越来越多。在这篇全面的文献综述中，对该药物对人体的毒性机制进行了评估。本综述采用了一种系统性方法，详细介绍了相关文献，其中调查了芬太尼和/或其类似物对不同器官/系统的毒性。此外，该综述还涵盖了以往认为与芬太尼有关的死亡病例的尸检毒理学数据和人口统计学信息。这种对芬太尼毒性的深入了解有助于更好地理解该药物的毒性剂量和可疑作用机制，以及与涉及该药物的过量用药事件相关的意外并发症。最后，综述概述了用于研究芬太尼对人体健康不利影响的传统和新兴测试系统。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

10.90%

发文量

681

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.