Fish Health Altered by Contaminants and Low Water Temperatures Compounded by Prolonged Regional Drought in the Lower Colorado River Basin, USA.

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI:10.3390/toxics12100708

Steven L Goodbred, Reynaldo Patiño, David A Alvarez, Darren Johnson, Deena Hannoun, Kathy R Echols, Jill A Jenkins

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Abstract

The goal of this study was to assess health of male Common Carp (carp, Cyprinus carpio) at four sites with a wide range in environmental organic contaminant (EOC) concentrations and water temperatures in Lake Mead National Recreation Area NV/AZ, US, and the potential influence of regional drought. Histological and reproductive biomarkers were measured in 17-30 carp at four sites and 130 EOCs in water per site were analyzed using passive samplers in 2010. Wide ranges among sites were noted in total EOC concentrations (>10Xs) and water temperature/degree days (10Xs). In 2007/08, total polychlorinated biphenyls (tPCBs) in fish whole bodies from Willow Beach (WB) in the free-flowing Colorado River below Hoover Dam were clearly higher than at the other sites. This was most likely due to longer exposures in colder water (12-14 °C) and fish there having the longest lifespan (up to 54 years) for carp reported in the Colorado River Basin. Calculated estrogenicity in water exceeded long-term, environmentally safe criteria of 0.1-0.4 ng/L by one to three orders of magnitude at all sites except the reference site. Low ecological screening values for four contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in water were exceeded for one CEC in the reference site, two in WB and Las Vegas Bay and three in the most contaminated site LVW. Fish health biomarkers in WB carp had 25% lower liver glycogen, 10Xs higher testicular pigmented cell aggregates and higher sperm abnormalities than the reference site. Sperm from LVW fish also had significantly higher fragmentation of DNA, lower motility and testis had lower percent of spermatozoa, all of which can impair reproduction. Projections from a 3D water quality model performed for WB showed that EOC concentrations due to prolonged regional drought and reduced water levels could increase as high as 135%. Water temperatures by late 21st century are predicted to rise between 0.7 and 2.1 °C that could increase eutrophication, algal blooms, spread disease and decrease dissolved oxygen over 5%.

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美国科罗拉多河下游流域长期区域性干旱造成的污染物和低水温改变了鱼类健康。

本研究的目的是评估美国内华达州/亚利桑那州米德湖国家休闲区环境有机污染物（EOC）浓度和水温差异较大的四个地点的雄性鲤鱼（鲤鱼）的健康状况，以及地区干旱的潜在影响。2010 年，在四个地点测量了 17-30 条鲤鱼的组织学和繁殖生物标志物，并使用被动采样器分析了每个地点水中的 130 种 EOC。发现不同地点的 EOC 总浓度（>10 倍）和水温/度日（10 倍）差异很大。2007/08 年，来自胡佛大坝下自由流动的科罗拉多河柳树滩 (WB) 的鱼类全身中的多氯联苯 (tPCB) 总量明显高于其他地点。这很可能是由于鱼类在较冷的水中（12-14 °C）暴露时间较长，而且在科罗拉多河流域报告的鲤鱼中，这里的鱼类寿命最长（长达 54 年）。除参照地点外，所有地点水体中的雌激素计算值都超过了 0.1-0.4 纳克/升的长期环境安全标准，超出了 1 到 3 个数量级。水中四种新关注污染物 (CEC) 的生态筛选值较低，其中参考点有一种 CEC 超标，WB 和拉斯维加斯湾有两种 CEC 超标，污染最严重的 LVW 有三种 CEC 超标。与参照地点相比，WB 鲤鱼的肝糖原含量低 25%，睾丸色素细胞聚集率高 10 倍，精子畸形率也更高。低纬度水域鱼类精子的DNA碎片率也明显较高，活力较低，睾丸中精子的百分比也较低，所有这些都会影响鱼类的繁殖。为西湖进行的三维水质模型预测显示，由于地区长期干旱和水位下降，EOC 浓度可能会增加 135%。据预测，到 21 世纪末，水温将上升 0.7 至 2.1 °C，这将加剧富营养化、藻类大量繁殖、疾病传播，并使溶解氧减少 5%以上。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

10.90%

发文量

681

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.