Both probability and rate of reinforcement can affect the acquisition and maintenance of conditioned responses.

IF 1.2 4区 心理学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Jorge Mallea, Atara Schulhof, Charles R Gallistel, Peter D Balsam
{"title":"Both probability and rate of reinforcement can affect the acquisition and maintenance of conditioned responses.","authors":"Jorge Mallea, Atara Schulhof, Charles R Gallistel, Peter D Balsam","doi":"10.1037/xan0000386","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Pavlovian conditioning, the strength of a conditioned response is a function of the probability of reinforcement. However, manipulations of probability are often confounded with changes in the rate of reinforcement. Two between-group experiments in mice evaluated the effect of the probability of reinforcement, while controlling the rate of reinforcement, on appetitive conditioning and extinction. Experiment 1 equated the reinforcement rate by manipulating the number of reinforcements received in each reinforced trial in a critical group (one vs. two consecutive rewards). The results of this experiment showed that probability influenced the rate of responses in acquisition, even when controlling the reinforcement rate. Experiment 2 further assessed the role of probability on behavior while controlling the rate of reinforcement during the conditioned stimulus (CS) using a split-trial design, in which the total CS time was held constant but presented in different numbers of discrete trials (e.g., 50% reinforcement with two 12 s CS's vs. 100% reinforcement with a 24 s average CS duration). This experiment confirmed that probability influenced response rates, and both the probability and rate of reinforcement affected the proportion of trials with responses. Together, these results suggest that the probability of reinforcement, while having little effect on the speed at which responses emerged, affects responding even when the rate of reinforcement is held constant. The results challenge formal learning theories to account for the effects of both the probability and rate of reinforcement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":54259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":"50 4","pages":"254-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000386","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

In Pavlovian conditioning, the strength of a conditioned response is a function of the probability of reinforcement. However, manipulations of probability are often confounded with changes in the rate of reinforcement. Two between-group experiments in mice evaluated the effect of the probability of reinforcement, while controlling the rate of reinforcement, on appetitive conditioning and extinction. Experiment 1 equated the reinforcement rate by manipulating the number of reinforcements received in each reinforced trial in a critical group (one vs. two consecutive rewards). The results of this experiment showed that probability influenced the rate of responses in acquisition, even when controlling the reinforcement rate. Experiment 2 further assessed the role of probability on behavior while controlling the rate of reinforcement during the conditioned stimulus (CS) using a split-trial design, in which the total CS time was held constant but presented in different numbers of discrete trials (e.g., 50% reinforcement with two 12 s CS's vs. 100% reinforcement with a 24 s average CS duration). This experiment confirmed that probability influenced response rates, and both the probability and rate of reinforcement affected the proportion of trials with responses. Together, these results suggest that the probability of reinforcement, while having little effect on the speed at which responses emerged, affects responding even when the rate of reinforcement is held constant. The results challenge formal learning theories to account for the effects of both the probability and rate of reinforcement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

强化的概率和速度都会影响条件反射的获得和维持。
在巴甫洛夫条件反射中,条件反应的强度是强化概率的函数。然而,对概率的操作往往与强化率的变化相混淆。两项小鼠组间实验在控制强化率的同时,评估了强化概率对食欲条件反射和消退的影响。实验 1 通过操纵临界组(一次奖励与两次连续奖励)每次强化试验中获得的强化次数来等同强化率。实验结果表明,即使在控制强化率的情况下,概率也会影响习得反应的速度。实验 2 进一步评估了概率在控制条件刺激(CS)强化率时对行为的作用,该实验采用了分割试验设计,即条件刺激的总时间保持不变,但以不同的离散试验次数呈现(例如,两次 12 秒 CS 的 50% 强化与平均 24 秒 CS 的 100% 强化)。该实验证实,概率会影响反应率,而强化概率和强化率都会影响有反应的试验比例。这些结果共同表明,强化概率虽然对反应出现的速度影响不大,但即使在强化率保持不变的情况下也会影响反应。这些结果对正式的学习理论提出了挑战,因为学习理论需要解释强化概率和强化率的影响。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition
Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Psychology-Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
23.10%
发文量
39
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition publishes experimental and theoretical studies concerning all aspects of animal behavior processes.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信