Hillel Brukental, Adi Doron-Faigenboim, Irit Bar-Ya'akov, Rotem Harel-Beja, Taly Trainin, Kamel Hatib, Shlomi Aharon, Tamar Azoulay-Shemer, Doron Holland
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
During the process of almond (Prunus dulcis) domestication, essential traits, which gave plants the plasticity for facing unstable environmental conditions, were lost. In general, the domestication process often narrows the natural genetic diversity. Modern selections (i.e., breeding programs) dramatically accelerated this genetic bottleneck trend to a few successful almond cultivars, which are presently the founders of most commercial cultivars worldwide. The concept of utilizing wild species as a source for important traits and for the enrichment of the gene pool was deeply discussed in previous studies. However, in almonds and other Prunus species, deliberate utilization of wild species as a genetic resource for breeding programs is quite rare. To address these significant challenges, we generated an interspecific F1 population between the Israeli almond cultivar Um el Fahem (UEF) and a specimen of a local wild almond species, Prunus arabica (P. arabica), originating from the Judea desert. This interspecific F1 population possesses high phenotypic variability, and sixteen segregating traits were phenotyped. Among the segregating traits, we were able to genetically associate six agriculturally important traits, such as leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), flower size, and fruit size. The alleles for Self-Compatibility (SC) and kernel bitterness were previously mapped in almond and were reexamined on the background of the distinctive wild genetic material of P. arabica. Finally, phenotypic interactions between traits were suggested, such as rootstock perimeter and canopy area that were positively correlated with total yield in the F1 population. This study is a first step towards developing a well-characterized almond interspecies genetic population. The availability of such a genetic tool with detailed phenotypic analysis is crucial to address and explore the profound influence of almond wild species in Prunus genetic research and breeding. By using the interspecific population as the infrastructure, we show the advantages and importance of utilizing wild relatives.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11295-024-01668-4.
在杏仁（Prunus dulcis）的驯化过程中，使植物具有面对不稳定环境条件的可塑性的基本性状丢失了。一般来说，驯化过程往往会缩小天然遗传多样性。现代选育（即育种计划）大大加速了这一遗传瓶颈趋势，最终形成了少数几个成功的杏仁栽培品种，它们目前是全球大多数商业栽培品种的基础。利用野生物种作为重要性状的来源和丰富基因库的概念在以前的研究中已有深入讨论。然而，在杏仁和其他李属植物中，有意识地利用野生物种作为育种计划的遗传资源却相当罕见。为了应对这些重大挑战，我们在以色列杏仁栽培品种 Um el Fahem（UEF）和源自朱迪亚沙漠的当地野生杏仁品种 Prunus arabica（阿拉伯杏）标本之间产生了一个种间 F1 群体。这个种间 F1 群体具有很高的表型变异性，并对 16 个分离性状进行了表型分析。在这些分离性状中，我们能够将叶片叶绿素含量（LCC）、花朵大小和果实大小等六个重要的农业性状进行遗传关联。自相容性（SC）和果核苦味的等位基因以前曾在杏仁中绘制过图谱，我们在阿拉伯杏独特的野生遗传物质背景下对其进行了重新研究。最后，还提出了性状之间的表型相互作用，如根茎周长和冠层面积与 F1 群体的总产量呈正相关。这项研究是朝着建立特性良好的杏仁种间遗传群体迈出的第一步。有了这样一个具有详细表型分析的遗传工具，对于解决和探索杏仁野生种在李属植物遗传研究和育种中的深远影响至关重要。通过利用种间群体作为基础架构，我们展示了利用野生近缘种的优势和重要性：在线版本包含补充材料，可查阅 10.1007/s11295-024-01668-4。
期刊介绍：
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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