Placenta may exert fetal protection against maternal high salt diet intake via renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

IF 3 2区医学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Placenta Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI:10.1016/j.placenta.2024.10.003

Martina Vulin , Ines Drenjančević , Andrijana Muller , Zrinka Mihaljević , Nikolina Kolobarić , Petar Šušnjara , Lucija Magušić , Tara Rolić , Sanja Mandić , Vatroslav Šerić , Ana Stupin

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Abstract

Objective

This study investigated the effects of high compared to normal dietary salt intake on fetoplacental vascular function, activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), placental pro- and anti-angiogenic factors and biomarkers of placental remodeling and oxidative stress during healthy uncomplicated pregnancy.

Materials and methods

Based on their 24-h sodium excretion pregnant women (37–40 weeks’ gestation) were categorized into three groups: normal salt (NS, <5.75 g/day, N = 12), high salt (HS, 5.75–10.25 g/day, N = 36), and very high salt (VHS, >10.25 g/day, N = 17). Pulsatility (PI) and resistive index of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery, plasma renin activity (PRA), serum aldosterone, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) concentrations, as well as placental vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), oxidative/antioxidative stress markers (TBARS/FRAP) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) concentration were measured.

Results

PI MCA was significantly decreased in HS/VHS groups compared to NS group. HS/VHS intake did not suppress PRA and aldosterone concentration. Serum PlGF concentration was significantly increased while sFlt-1 concentration and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio were significantly decreased in VHS group compared to NS group. MMP-9, VEGF-C concentration, TBARS and FRAP in placental tissue were similar between study groups.

Conclusions

HS/VHS diet does not suppress RAAS during pregnancy; however, it is associated with decreased PI MCA, a significantly decreased sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and unchanged biomarkers of placental remodeling or oxidative stress in healthy pregnant women, suggesting the presence of a possible protective or compensatory mechanism aimed at preserving placental function and pregnancy outcome itself in terms of maternal HS intake.

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胎盘可通过肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统保护胎儿免受母体高盐饮食的影响。

研究目的本研究调查了健康无并发症妊娠期间高盐饮食摄入量与正常饮食摄入量相比对胎盘血管功能、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）活性、胎盘促血管生成因子和抗血管生成因子以及胎盘重塑和氧化应激生物标志物的影响：根据孕妇（妊娠 37-40 周）的 24 小时钠排泄量将其分为三组：正常盐（NS，10.25 克/天，N = 17）。孕妇大脑中动脉（MCA）和脐动脉的脉动率（PI）和阻力指数、血浆肾素活性（PRA）、血清醛固酮、可溶性 fms 样酪氨酸激酶-1（sFlt-1）和胎盘生长因子（PlGF）浓度、以及胎盘血管内皮生长因子 C（VEGF-C）、氧化/抗氧化应激标记物（TBARS/FRAP）和基质金属蛋白酶 9（MMP-9）的浓度。结果与 NS 组相比，HS/VHS 组的 PI MCA 明显下降。摄入 HS/VHS 不会抑制 PRA 和醛固酮浓度。与 NS 组相比，VHS 组血清 PlGF 浓度明显升高，而 sFlt-1 浓度和 sFlt-1/PlGF 比率则明显降低。研究组间胎盘组织中的 MMP-9、VEGF-C 浓度、TBARS 和 FRAP 相似：HS/VHS膳食不会抑制孕期的RAAS；但是，它与健康孕妇的PI MCA下降、sFlt-1/PlGF比率明显降低以及胎盘重塑或氧化应激的生物标志物不变有关，这表明在母体HS摄入量方面可能存在一种旨在保护胎盘功能和妊娠结果本身的保护或补偿机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Placenta 医学-发育生物学

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

10.50%

发文量

391

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： Placenta publishes high-quality original articles and invited topical reviews on all aspects of human and animal placentation, and the interactions between the mother, the placenta and fetal development. Topics covered include evolution, development, genetics and epigenetics, stem cells, metabolism, transport, immunology, pathology, pharmacology, cell and molecular biology, and developmental programming. The Editors welcome studies on implantation and the endometrium, comparative placentation, the uterine and umbilical circulations, the relationship between fetal and placental development, clinical aspects of altered placental development or function, the placental membranes, the influence of paternal factors on placental development or function, and the assessment of biomarkers of placental disorders.