A critical review to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment of bisphenol A alternatives for human health.

IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY
Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja, Daniel Zalko, Sabrina Tait, Emanuela Testai, Catherine Viguié, Emanuela Corsini, Nathalie Grova, Franca Maria Buratti, Nicolas J Cabaton, Lucia Coppola, Antonio De la Vieja, Maria Dusinska, Naouale El Yamani, Valentina Galbiati, Patricia Iglesias-Hernández, Yvonne Kohl, Ambra Maddalon, Francesca Marcon, Lydie Naulé, Elise Rundén-Pran, Francesca Salani, Nicoletta Santori, Mónica Torres-Ruiz, Jonathan D Turner, Ondrej Adamovsky, Kiara Aiello-Holden, Hubert Dirven, Henriqueta Louro, Maria João Silva
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Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic chemical widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, has been associated with a variety of adverse effects in humans including metabolic, immunological, reproductive, and neurodevelopmental effects, raising concern about its health impact. In the EU, it has been classified as toxic to reproduction and as an endocrine disruptor and was thus included in the candidate list of substances of very high concern (SVHC). On this basis, its use has been banned or restricted in some products. As a consequence, industries turned to bisphenol alternatives, such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), which are now found in various consumer products, as well as in human matrices at a global scale. However, due to their toxicity, these two bisphenols are in the process of being regulated. Other BPA alternatives, whose potential toxicity remains largely unknown due to a knowledge gap, have also started to be used in manufacturing processes. The gradual restriction of the use of BPA underscores the importance of understanding the potential risks associated with its alternatives to avoid regrettable substitutions. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the potential hazards related to BPA alternatives prioritized by European Regulatory Agencies based on their regulatory relevance and selected to be studied under the European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC): BPE, BPAP, BPP, BPZ, BPS-MAE, and TCBPA. The focus is on data related to toxicokinetic, endocrine disruption, immunotoxicity, developmental neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity/carcinogenicity, which were considered the most relevant endpoints to assess the hazard related to those substances. The goal here is to identify the data gaps in BPA alternatives toxicology and hence formulate the future directions that will be taken in the frame of the PARC project, which seeks also to enhance chemical risk assessment methodologies using new approach methodologies (NAMs).

一项重要审查,旨在确定数据缺口并改进双酚 A 替代品对人类健康的风险评估。
双酚 A(BPA)是一种合成化学物质,广泛用于聚碳酸酯塑料和环氧树脂的生产,对人体有多种不良影响,包括代谢、免疫、生殖和神经发育方面的影响,引起了人们对其健康影响的关注。在欧盟,它被归类为生殖毒性物质和内分泌干扰物,并因此被列入高度关注物质(SVHC)候选清单。在此基础上,欧盟禁止或限制在某些产品中使用该物质。因此,工业界转而使用双酚替代品,如双酚 S (BPS) 和双酚 F (BPF)。然而,由于其毒性,这两种双酚正在受到管制。其他双酚 A 替代品也开始用于生产过程,但由于知识空白,这些替代品的潜在毒性在很大程度上仍然未知。对双酚 A 使用的逐步限制凸显了了解其替代品潜在风险的重要性,以避免令人遗憾的替代。本综述旨在总结有关双酚 A 替代品潜在危害的现有知识,这些替代品由欧洲监管机构根据其监管相关性进行优先排序,并在欧洲化学品风险评估伙伴关系(PARC)下进行研究:BPE、BPAP、BPP、BPZ、BPS-MAE 和 TCBPA。重点是与毒物动力学、内分泌干扰、免疫毒性、发育神经毒性和遗传毒性/致癌性有关的数据,这些数据被认为是评估这些物质相关危害的最相关终点。本报告的目的是确定双酚 A 替代品毒理学方面的数据缺口,从而制定 PARC 项目框架内的未来发展方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
1.70%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: Critical Reviews in Toxicology provides up-to-date, objective analyses of topics related to the mechanisms of action, responses, and assessment of health risks due to toxicant exposure. The journal publishes critical, comprehensive reviews of research findings in toxicology and the application of toxicological information in assessing human health hazards and risks. Toxicants of concern include commodity and specialty chemicals such as formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, and pesticides; pharmaceutical agents of all types; consumer products such as macronutrients and food additives; environmental agents such as ambient ozone; and occupational exposures such as asbestos and benzene.
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