Novel perspective of therapeutic modules to overcome motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.

IF 3.1 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES
AIMS Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-09-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3934/Neuroscience.2024020
Anmol Kumar, Ajay Kumar Gupta, Prashant Kumar Singh
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons, which leads to motor and non-motor symptoms that have a significant impact. The pathophysiology of PD is complex and involves environmental and genetic factors that contribute to alpha-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. The current treatments of PD primarily focus on symptom management and have limitations in addressing disease progression and non-motor symptoms. Epidemiological data indicates a rise in PD cases worldwide, which highlights the need for effective treatments. Pathophysiological insights point out the involvement of various factors in PD progression, such as dopamine dysregulation, genetic mutations, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, alpha-synuclein aggregation, and neuroinflammation. Although current treatments, which include dopamine precursors, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and non-dopaminergic drugs, can alleviate motor symptoms, they are not effective in preventing disease progression or managing non-motor symptoms. Additionally, they can lead to adverse effects and become less effective over time. Novel therapeutic approaches, including cell-based therapies, gene therapies, targeted drug delivery therapies, and magnetic field therapies, are promising in improving symptom management and providing personalized treatment. Additionally, emerging therapies that target alpha-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation may have potential disease-modifying effects. To sum up, for dealing with the multiple aspects of PD, there is a great need to come up with new and creative therapeutic approaches that not only relieve symptoms, but also prevent the progression of disease and non-motor symptoms. The progress made in comprehending the underlying mechanisms of PD provides optimism for developing successful treatments that can enhance the outcomes and quality of life.

治疗模块的新视角,克服帕金森病的运动和非运动症状。
帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是一种神经退行性疾病,涉及多巴胺能神经元的缺失,导致运动和非运动症状,影响重大。帕金森病的病理生理学非常复杂,涉及环境和遗传因素,这些因素导致α-突触核蛋白聚集、线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激和神经炎症。目前对帕金森病的治疗主要集中在症状控制上,在解决疾病进展和非运动症状方面存在局限性。流行病学数据表明,全世界的帕金森病病例在不断增加,这凸显了对有效治疗的需求。病理生理学研究指出,多巴胺失调、基因突变、氧化应激、线粒体损伤、α-突触核蛋白聚集和神经炎症等多种因素参与了帕金森病的进展。尽管目前的治疗方法(包括多巴胺前体、单胺氧化酶(MAO)抑制剂和非多巴胺能药物)可以缓解运动症状,但它们无法有效预防疾病进展或控制非运动症状。此外,这些药物还可能导致不良反应,并随着时间的推移而变得越来越无效。新的治疗方法,包括细胞疗法、基因疗法、靶向给药疗法和磁场疗法,有望改善症状管理并提供个性化治疗。此外,针对α-突触核蛋白聚集、线粒体功能障碍和神经炎症的新兴疗法可能具有潜在的疾病调节作用。总之,为了应对帕金森病的多个方面,我们亟需提出新的、创造性的治疗方法,不仅能缓解症状,还能预防疾病进展和非运动症状。在理解帕金森氏症的内在机制方面取得的进展,为开发成功的治疗方法提供了乐观的前景,这些治疗方法可以改善患者的预后和生活质量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
AIMS Neuroscience
AIMS Neuroscience NEUROSCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: AIMS Neuroscience is an international Open Access journal devoted to publishing peer-reviewed, high quality, original papers from all areas in the field of neuroscience. The primary focus is to provide a forum in which to expedite the speed with which theoretical neuroscience progresses toward generating testable hypotheses. In the presence of current and developing technology that offers unprecedented access to functions of the nervous system at all levels, the journal is designed to serve the role of providing the widest variety of the best theoretical views leading to suggested studies. Single blind peer review is provided for all articles and commentaries.
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