Chemical Survey and Antifungal Efficacy of Sargassum muticum’s Alkaloids and Phenolic-Rich Fraction Against Airborne Toxigenic and Nosocomial Opportunistic Molds Isolates

IF 2.6 3区生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Marine Biotechnology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI:10.1007/s10126-024-10376-y

Houda Younssi Tarhzouti, Badr-ddine El mouns, Hayat Ben-saghroune, Sara Haida, Selma Mabrouki, Fatima Lakhdar, Samira Etahiri

{"title":"Chemical Survey and Antifungal Efficacy of Sargassum muticum’s Alkaloids and Phenolic-Rich Fraction Against Airborne Toxigenic and Nosocomial Opportunistic Molds Isolates","authors":"Houda Younssi Tarhzouti, Badr-ddine El mouns, Hayat Ben-saghroune, Sara Haida, Selma Mabrouki, Fatima Lakhdar, Samira Etahiri","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10376-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Atlantic coastline of El-Jadida, Morocco, is renowned for its plentiful algae, especially brown seaweed, which is rich in active compounds known for their antifungal properties. This valuable resource offers an exciting opportunity to tackle the numerous challenges posed by invasive fungal infections, allergies, mycotoxin-related food poisoning, and drug-resistant strains. Underscoring the urgent need to explore alternative, sustainable, and environmentally friendly antifungal agents derived from algae. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of total alkaloids and phenolic-rich fractions derived from seven species of Pheophyceae: <i>Sargassum muticum</i>, <i>Sargassum vulgare</i>, <i>Bifurcaria bifurcata</i>, <i>Cystoseira tamariscifolia</i>, <i>Cystoseira humilis</i>, <i>Laminaria ochroleuca</i>, and <i>Fucus spiralis</i> against four fungi: airborne toxigenic isolates of <i>Aspergillus westerdijkiae</i> and <i>Chaetomium globosum</i> as well as nosocomial opportunistic isolates of <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> and <i>Scopulariopsis brevicaulis</i>. The study also aimed to identify the most effective alga and its specific active compounds through LC–MS and GC–MS analysis. The invasive <i>Sargassum muticum</i> was chosen as the most potent alga in inhibiting the growth of mycelium. For the first time, the alkaloids palmatine and jatrorrhizine, along with caulerpin, have been identified. The chloroform fraction revealed the prevalence of phenolic compounds including, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phlorotannins. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), with a maximum fungal load of 10<sup>8</sup> colony-forming unit (CFU), recorded ranged from 3.12 to 6.25 μg/mL by the phenolic-rich fraction against airborne toxigenic isolates, and from 100 to 200 μg/mL against nosocomial opportunistic isolates by the total alkaloids. In comparison, the positive control, ketoconazole, showed higher MICs and resistance against <i>A. nidulans</i>. The valorization of <i>Sargassum muticum</i> is proposed as a green strategy to preserve the ecological balance, combat antifungal resistance, and address public health challenges.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Marine Biotechnology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10126-024-10376-y","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Atlantic coastline of El-Jadida, Morocco, is renowned for its plentiful algae, especially brown seaweed, which is rich in active compounds known for their antifungal properties. This valuable resource offers an exciting opportunity to tackle the numerous challenges posed by invasive fungal infections, allergies, mycotoxin-related food poisoning, and drug-resistant strains. Underscoring the urgent need to explore alternative, sustainable, and environmentally friendly antifungal agents derived from algae. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of total alkaloids and phenolic-rich fractions derived from seven species of Pheophyceae: Sargassum muticum, Sargassum vulgare, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Cystoseira tamariscifolia, Cystoseira humilis, Laminaria ochroleuca, and Fucus spiralis against four fungi: airborne toxigenic isolates of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and Chaetomium globosum as well as nosocomial opportunistic isolates of Aspergillus nidulans and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. The study also aimed to identify the most effective alga and its specific active compounds through LC–MS and GC–MS analysis. The invasive Sargassum muticum was chosen as the most potent alga in inhibiting the growth of mycelium. For the first time, the alkaloids palmatine and jatrorrhizine, along with caulerpin, have been identified. The chloroform fraction revealed the prevalence of phenolic compounds including, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phlorotannins. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), with a maximum fungal load of 10⁸ colony-forming unit (CFU), recorded ranged from 3.12 to 6.25 μg/mL by the phenolic-rich fraction against airborne toxigenic isolates, and from 100 to 200 μg/mL against nosocomial opportunistic isolates by the total alkaloids. In comparison, the positive control, ketoconazole, showed higher MICs and resistance against A. nidulans. The valorization of Sargassum muticum is proposed as a green strategy to preserve the ecological balance, combat antifungal resistance, and address public health challenges.

Graphical Abstract

查看原文本刊更多论文

马尾藻生物碱和富含酚类的馏分对空气中的致毒霉菌和机会性霉菌分离物的化学调查和抗真菌功效。

摩洛哥杰迪达（El-Jadida）的大西洋海岸线以丰富的海藻而闻名，尤其是褐海藻，富含以抗真菌著称的活性化合物。这一宝贵的资源为应对入侵性真菌感染、过敏、与霉菌毒素相关的食物中毒和耐药菌株带来的诸多挑战提供了令人兴奋的机会。因此，迫切需要探索从藻类中提取的可替代、可持续和环境友好型抗真菌剂。本研究旨在评估从以下七种叶藻中提取的总生物碱和富含酚类的馏分对四种真菌的抗真菌活性：马尾藻（Sargassum muticum）、马尾藻（Sargassum vulgare）、双歧藻（Bifurcaria bifurcata）、囊尾藻（Cystoseira tamariscifolia）、腐生囊尾藻（Cystoseira humilis）、层藻（Laminaria ochroleuca）和螺旋藻（Fucus spiralis）：这些真菌包括通过空气传播的毒性曲霉（Aspergillus westerdijkiae）和球毛壳霉（Chaetomium globosum）分离株，以及通过鼻腔传播的机会性曲霉（Aspergillus nidulans）和糙毛壳霉（Scopulariopsis brevicaulis）分离株。研究还旨在通过 LC-MS 和 GC-MS 分析确定最有效的藻类及其特定活性化合物。入侵的马尾藻（Sargassum muticum）被选为抑制菌丝生长最有效的藻类。首次发现了生物碱 palmatine 和 jatrorrhizine 以及 caulerpin。氯仿馏分中发现了大量酚类化合物，包括酚酸、黄酮类和绿单宁。富含酚类的馏分对空气传播的致毒分离菌的最低抑菌浓度（MICs）为 3.12 至 6.25 μg/mL，总生物碱对鼻腔机会性分离菌的最低抑菌浓度（MICs）为 100 至 200 μg/mL。相比之下，阳性对照酮康唑的 MIC 值更高，对尼多拉菌的耐药性也更强。建议将马尾藻作为一种绿色战略加以利用，以保护生态平衡、对抗抗真菌耐药性并应对公共卫生挑战。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Marine Biotechnology 工程技术-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Marine Biotechnology welcomes high-quality research papers presenting novel data on the biotechnology of aquatic organisms. The journal publishes high quality papers in the areas of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, cell biology, and biochemistry, and particularly encourages submissions of papers related to genome biology such as linkage mapping, large-scale gene discoveries, QTL analysis, physical mapping, and comparative and functional genome analysis. Papers on technological development and marine natural products should demonstrate innovation and novel applications.